Physiological Studies on Jerusalem Artichoke 1- Productivity and Quality of Jerusalem Artichoke in the New Reclaimed Lands.

Abstract

A field experiment was carried out in sandy soil in EL-Kattba, Manofya Governorate Egypt, during the successive growing seasons of 2007 and 2008 on Jerusalem artichoke. The main objective of this investigation was to study the effect of cultivars (Local and Fusaeu) and two planting dates(15 th April and 15 th May) with two harvesting dates (15 th Nov. and 15 th Dec.) on vegetative growth , total yield , marketable yield and its components of Jerusalem artichoke. The results indicated that Local cultivar showed higher foliage (plant height) than Fusaeu, but there was no significant effect on number of lateral branches / plant .In addition, Local cultivar showed significant increases in total yield and its components and tuber contents of dry matter, inulin and total sugar compared with Fusaeu. Concerning planting dates, results showed that the planting on 15 th of April increased significantly the vegetative growth parameters, total yield and its components, and tuber contents of dry matter, inulin and total sugar in comparison with planting on 15 th May. Regarding the harvest date, data revealed a positive effect of tubers harvest on 15 th of Nov. on total yield and its components, and tuber contents of dry matter, inulin while total sugar decreased compared with tubers harvest on 15 th Dec. The interactions between cultivars and planting dates showed that Local cultivar and planting on 15 th of April increased significantly the vegetative growth, total yield and chemical constituents of tubers under sandy soil conditions .Also, Local cultivar tubers harvested on 15 th of Nov. produced higher significant total yield and its components, and tuber contents of dry matter, inulin while total sugar decreased compared with tubers harvested on 15 th of May. The interactions among cultivars, planting dates with harvesting dates, showed that the Local cultivar planted on 15 th of April and harvested tubers on 15 th of Nov. produced higher significant increases in yield parameters and chemical constituents of tubers under sandy soil conditions. Finally, it could be concluded that the optimum planting dates of Jerusalem artichoke (Local cultivar) was on 15 th of April and the ideal harvesting date was on 15 th of Nov. for a highly production and quality of tubers under sandy soil.

Effect of varieties and harvesting time on yield, chemical composition, and quality of a product similar to chips produced from Jerusalem artichoke

“…These differences in the concentrations of total phenolic compounds and total flavonoids may be due to genetic differences among both Jerusalem artichoke varieties according to Kapusta et al (2013). The obtained results were in agreement with those obtained by Neama et al (2020) who noted that the Fuseau variety is superior to the Balady variety in phytochemical, and inulin contents, Attia (2011), Alian, andIsmail (2014) reported that inulin, total sugar, and reducing sugars of both tubers ranged from (22.15%, 24.21%), (8.64%, 10.03), (22.31%, 23.78%), (6.28%, 10.15%) for Balady and Fuseau varieties, respectively. It is noteworthy that inulin (which belongs to a class of dietary fibers known as fructans) is well fermented by gut bifidobacteria, which contributes to their anticarcinogenic properties.…”

“…When compared to other interactions, it was noted that plants of the Fuseau variety gave a significant increase in the tuber weight of the plant in the second season only. These results were according to those reported by Alian and Attia (2011). Whereas it was noticed that there were increases in tuber weight in the Fuseau plants' variety when compared to the Balady plant's variety.…”

“…On the other hand, Fuseau cultivars had a higher total yield of tubers than those produced by Balady cultivars which were harvested throughout the two growing seasons. Similar results were reported by Alian and Attia (2011). When compared to other interactions, it was noted that plants of the Fuseau variety gave a significant increase in the tuber weight of the plant in the second season only.…”

“…From the obvious results, it was clear that the total yield of tubers and quality were affected by varieties and new clones of Jerusalem artichoke. This result was recorded by Tawfik et al (2003), and Alian and Attia (2011). This variance in results may be due to the genetic material of the two cultivars used in this study.…”

“…Regarding the harvest time, data showed that tubers harvested on November 15 had an advantage over those harvested on December 15 in terms of total yield and its components as well as dry matter, inulin, and total sugar contents. Harvest times also play a significant role in the production of high tuber yields (Alian and Attia 2011).…”