Physiologische Probleme der Entwicklung und Formbildung des Seeigelkeimes

The Effect of Lithium and O-Iodosobenzoic Acid on the Early Development of the Sea Urchin Egg

“…It is evident that lithium causes a general slowing down of early development. Lindahl (1936Lindahl ( , 1941 showed that the oxygen consumption of larvae reared in the presence of lithium is considerably lower than that for larvae which develop in pure sea water ; this is in agreement with the results reported here. The lithium effect becomes especially marked at the time of hatching, when the ciliation of the larvae treated is either reduced or entirely lacking.…”

“…In 1892 C. Herbst observed that the addition of lithium ions to sea water changes the determination of the sea urchin egg in a vegetal direction, i.e., the development of the endoderm becomes accentuated, whereas the differentiation of the ectoderm is suppressed, leading to a vegetalization of the larva. This specific effect of lithium has been utilized in a number of important investigations on developmental physiology; for references, see, for example, Gustafson (1954), Horstadius (1935Horstadius ( , 1939Horstadius ( , 1949, Lindahl (1936Lindahl ( , 1941, Runnstrom (1954), von Ubisch (1953.…”

“…Animalization (the opposite of vegetalization), which is manifested as an increase in the development of the ectoderm and a reduced differentiation of the endoderm, has likewise been achieved by various treatments (cf. Lindahl, 1941 ;Runnstrom, 1954). These so-called animalized larvae show a strong ciliation and a suppressed development of the gut.…”