Physiology and Biochemistry of Superficial Scald of Apples and Pears 227

Ingle, M.

doi:10.1002/9780470650813.ch6

Cited by 24 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…the earlier the harvest, the more severe the damage (Ingle and D'Souza, 1989;Watkins et al, 1993). Scald is effectively controlled with the synthetic anti-oxidant diphenylamine (DPA) (Huelin and Coggiola, 1970;Meir and Bramlage, 1988).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…), (Ingle and D'Souza, 1989;Emongor et al, 1994). Scald symptoms appear as irregular brown discolorations of the skin of the fruit, severely affecting the external appearance, and therefore, reducing its acceptability for the fresh fruit market.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These react with lipids and proteins altering cell membrane integrity (Abdallah et al, 1997), allowing contact with oxidative enzymes and their respective substrates, causing the characteristic browning (Golding et al, 1998) and even death of the hypodermal cells if the damage is severe (Ingle and D'Souza, 1989).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of DPA [Diphenylamine] and 1-MCP [1-methylcyclopropene] on chemical compounds related to superficial scald of Granny Smith apples

Moggia

Moya-León

Pereira

et al. 2010

Span. j. agric. res.

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Research was carried out to study the mode of action of diphenylamine (DPA) and 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), on control of superficial scald of Granny Smith apples (Malus domestica Borkh.), and its relation with chemical compounds. Fruit was harvested from a commercial orchard in Chile, 182 and 189 days after full bloom and received the following treatments: DPA (2,000 ppm); 1-MCP (1.2 ppm) and control (no treatment). All fruit was stored for 4 or 6 months at 0°C. A completely randomized factorial design was used (2 harvest dates by 3 postharvest treatments). Monthly measurements were made on maturity indices, ethylene production rate (EPR), scald related compounds [α-farnesene (AF), conjugated trienes (CT), total anti-oxidants (AO)], and cell membrane stability. Following 4 and 6 months of storage, plus 7 days at 20°C, scald was evaluated. After 6 months, DPA-treated fruit, from both harvests, showed similar firmness, EPR and AO, compared to the control. However, AF and CT were lower, and cell membrane stability higher. Conversely, 1-MCP-treated fruit showed a noticeable EPR suppression and AF inhibition, along with higher firmness, lower CT and AO, compared to the control and DPA. Furthermore, cell membrane stability was superior to that of the control and similar to that of the DPA. Treated fruit (DPA and 1-MCP) showed an important reduction in scald compared to the control. The effect of 1-MCP on the investigated compounds and the reduction in scald, confirms that ethylene plays a major role on its development.Additional key words: alpha-farnesene, anti-oxidants, cell membrane stability, conjugated trienes, ethylene. ResumenEfecto de la aplicación de DPA y 1-MCP sobre compuestos químicos relacionados con el desarrollo de escaldado superficial de manzanas Granny Smith Se realizó una investigación para estudiar el modo de acción de difenilamina (DPA) y 1-metilciclopropeno (1-MCP) en el control de escaldado superficial de manzanas (Malus domestica Borkh.) Granny Smith y su relación con compuestos químicos. La fruta fue cosechada de un huerto comercial en Chile, 182 y 189 días después de plena flor y recibió los siguientes tratamientos: DPA (200 ppm), 1-MCP (1,2 ppm) y control (sin tratamiento). Toda la fruta fue almacenada de 4 a 6 meses a 0°C. Se utilizó un diseño factorial completamente al azar (2 fechas de cosecha × 3 tratamientos postcosecha). Mensualmente se realizaron mediciones de índices de madurez, tasa de producción de etileno (EPR), compuestos relacionados con el escaldado [α-farneseno (AF), trienos conjugados (CT), antioxidantes totales (AO)] y estabilidad de la membrana celular. El escaldado fue evaluado después de 4 y 6 meses de almacenaje, más 7 días a 20°C. Después de 6 meses, la fruta tratada con DPA, de ambas cosechas, mostró similar firmeza, EPR y AO en comparación al control. Sin embargo, AF y CT fueron menores y la estabilidad de la membrana celular mayor. Por otra parte, la fruta tratada con 1-MCP mostró una notable supresión de EPR e inhibición de AF, junto a una mayor firmeza, m...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of DPA [Diphenylamine] and 1-MCP [1-methylcyclopropene] on chemical compounds related to superficial scald of Granny Smith apples

Moggia

Moya-León

Pereira

et al. 2010

Span. j. agric. res.

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“…2012 que apresentam elevada mobilidade por poderem ser transportados para os frutos via xilema e floema (Saure, 2005). Assim, o transporte de Ca é restringido pelo eventual colapso dos vasos do xilema, que ocorre nas fases avançadas do desenvolvimento de maçãs (Dražeta et al, 2004), enquanto o aporte de K, Mg e N aos frutos é contínuo, o que resulta no aumento nas relações K/Ca, Mg/Ca e N/Ca, e em frutos com maior suscetibilidade a distúrbios fisiológicos, como "bitter pit" (Vang-Petersen, 1980;Ferguson & Watkins, 1989;Argenta & Suzuki, 1994;Nachtigall & Freire, 1998;Amarante et al, 2006aAmarante et al, , 2006b, depressão lenticelar ou lenticelose Curry, 2003), escaldadura superficial (Ingle & D'Souza, 1989), pingo-de-mel , degenerescência de polpa (Vang-Petersen, 1980;Perring et al, 1985), rachadura na casca (Perring, 1984), injúria por CO 2 em atmosfera controlada (Castro et al, 2007), entre outros. Porém, Volz et al (2006) relatam que há grande diferença na suscetibilidade de cultivares de maçãs a esses distúrbios.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Composição mineral de maçãs 'Gala' e 'Fuji' produzidas no Sul do Brasil

Amarante

Argenta²,

Basso³

et al. 2012

Pesq. agropec. bras.

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O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a composição mineral de maçãs 'Gala' e 'Fuji', em pomares de diferentes regiões do Sul do Brasil. Foram avaliados pomares em vários municípios de Santa Catarina e do Rio Grande do Sul, agrupados em macrorregiões denominadas de Fraiburgo, Vacaria e São Joaquim, durante o período de 1991 a 2007. Os teores médios (em matéria fresca) de Ca, K, Mg, N e P nos frutos foram, respectivamente, 47, 1.027, 52, 419 e 116 mg kg‑1, para 'Gala', e de 41, 1.043, 46, 373 e 116 mg kg‑1, para 'Fuji'. Os valores médios das relações (K+Mg)/Ca e N/Ca foram respectivamente de 24 e 9,6, para 'Gala', e de 28 e 9,7, para 'Fuji'. Maçãs 'Gala' e 'Fuji' apresentaram teores médios de Ca e P acima dos níveis críticos mínimos (40 e 100 mg kg‑1, respectivamente), e relações médias de (K+Mg)/Ca e N/Ca acima dos níveis críticos máximos (30 e 14), considerados adequados para maior conservação da qualidade pós‑colheita (QPC). Maçãs de pomares de São Joaquim apresentaram maiores teores de Ca e P, menores teores de N e menores relações (K+Mg)/Ca e N/Ca, independentemente da cultivar. O percentual de amostras, com alto risco de perdas em QPC, foi maior para 'Fuji' do que para 'Gala', quanto aos teores de Ca e P e às relações (K+Mg)/Ca e N/Ca.

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“…It is used as scald inhibitor for apples applied as an indoor drench treatment. Its anti-scald activity is the result of its antioxidant properties, which protect the apple skin from the oxidation products during storage scald (or "apple scald") as physical injury that manifests in brown spots after fruit is removed from cold storage (Ingle and D'Souza, 1989). Carbon disulfide (CS 2 ), also called carbon bisulfide, a colourless, toxic, highly volatile and flammable liquid chemical compound, large amounts of which are used in the manufacture of viscose rayon, cellophane, and carbon tetrachloride; smaller quantities are employed in solvent extraction processes or converted into other chemical products, particularly accelerators of the vulcanization of rubber or agents used in flotation processes for concentrating ores (Holleman and Wiberg, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Characterization of Sodium Diphenylcarbamodithioate Ligand [L] and its Cobalt, Nickel, and Copper Complexes

Alsalihi

Al-Fahdawi

Meena

2017

ARO

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Abstract-A correlation of the infrared (IR) spectra of thiocarbonyl derivatives based on the literature data has been carried out. Assignments have also been made in some new systems. Sodium diphenylcarbamodithioate ligand and its monomeric complexes were synthesized at room temperature and stirring condition. The ligand and its complexes of the general formula [M(L) 2 ] (where M=Co п , Ni п , and Cu п ) were characterized by spectroscopic methods (IR and ultraviolet-visible), elemental analysis (CHN and S) metal content, magnetic susceptibility measurement, and biological activity (an antibacterial activity of the complex was studied by agar disc diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration strain against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis). The complex exhibited significant activities against S. aureus and B. subtilis, thin-layer chromatography, mass spectrometry, X-ray powder diffraction, and molar conductance. Our study revealed the formation of four-coordinate square planar complexes around Co п , Ni п , and Cu п metal ions. Index Terms-Diphenylcarbamodithioatecomplexes, Four-coordinate square planar complexes, Sodium diphenylcarbamodithioate ligand, Structural study.

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Physiology and Biochemistry of Superficial Scald of Apples and Pears 227

Cited by 24 publications

References 87 publications

Effect of DPA [Diphenylamine] and 1-MCP [1-methylcyclopropene] on chemical compounds related to superficial scald of Granny Smith apples

Effect of DPA [Diphenylamine] and 1-MCP [1-methylcyclopropene] on chemical compounds related to superficial scald of Granny Smith apples

Composição mineral de maçãs 'Gala' e 'Fuji' produzidas no Sul do Brasil

Synthesis and Characterization of Sodium Diphenylcarbamodithioate Ligand [L] and its Cobalt, Nickel, and Copper Complexes

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