Physiology and ultrastructure of electrotonic junctions. 3. Giant electromotor neurons of Malapterurus electricus.

Bennett, M. V.L.; Nakajima, Yoshiaki; Pappas, George D.

doi:10.1152/jn.1967.30.2.209

Cited by 93 publications

(24 citation statements)

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“…Against this interpretation is the lack of any visible coupling potential when the early spike is blocked by hyperpolarization. It is possible, however, that hyperpolarization also blocks the presynaptic terminals (see 11).…”

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confidence: 99%

A Short-Latency Labyrinthine Input to the Vestibular Nuclei in the Pigeon

Wilson

Wylie

1970

Science

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Electrical stimulation of the pigeon labyrinth evokes responses in many second-order vestibular neurons with a latency shorter than the monosynaptic delay. These early responses are probably due to electrically mediated synaptic transmission, or perhaps to antidromic invasion of cells supplying efferent fibers to the labyrinth. In either case the results demonstrate a difference between cat and pigeon with respect to connections between labyrinth and vestibular nuclei.

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confidence: 99%

A Short-Latency Labyrinthine Input to the Vestibular Nuclei in the Pigeon

Wilson

Wylie

1970

Science

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“…Type I synapses have also been labelled with an antibody against glycine in rat neurons (van den Pol and Gorcs, 1988). As was revealed by fine structural analysis, electric catfish electromotoneurons carry many type I synapses (Bennett et al, 1967a;Janetzko et al, 1987). Accordingly, inhibitory potentials could be revealed after C1-injection into catfish electromotoneurons (Bennett et al, 1967a).…”

Section: Glycine-like Immunoreactivitymentioning

confidence: 89%

“…As was revealed by fine structural analysis, electric catfish electromotoneurons carry many type I synapses (Bennett et al, 1967a;Janetzko et al, 1987). Accordingly, inhibitory potentials could be revealed after C1-injection into catfish electromotoneurons (Bennett et al, 1967a). In contrast, neither electromotoneurons of weakly electric fish (Bennett et al, 1967b;Dye and Meyer, 1986) nor those of other strong electric fish (Meszler et al, 1974;Krenz, 1985) were found to be innervated by type I synapses.…”

Section: Glycine-like Immunoreactivitymentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The antibody reveals dot-like immunoreactivity within the electrically coupled prepacemaker and pacemaker nuclei. The small punctiform immunoreactivity revealed at the electric catfish electromotoneurons presumably represents gap junctions of the mixed electrical-chemical synapses (Bennett et al, 1967a;Janetzko et al, 1987;Schikorski et al, 1992b).…”

Section: Gap-junction-like Immunoreactivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Immunocytochemical characterization of the synaptic innervation of a single spinal neuron, the electric catfish electromotoneuron

Schikorski¹,

Braun²,

Zimmermann³

1994

J of Comparative Neurology

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The electric catfish, Malapterurus electricus, possesses electric organs that are innervated by a pair of identifiable electromotoneurons located within the cervical spinal cord. The pattern of synaptic innervation of the electromotoneurons can be revealed by an antibody against the synaptic vesicle protein SV2. Both somata and proximal dendrites are densely innervated. Several transmitters contribute to this innervation. Glutamate, the neurotransmitter of the dorsal root sensory fibers, reveals a weak punctuate immunoreactivity. The previously described electrical synapses of the electromotoneurons were visualized by an antibody against a gap-junctional protein. In contrast to the electromotoneurons of other electric fish, the electric catfish electromotoneurons possess many inhibitory synapses. With antibodies against glycine and against the glycine receptor, a dense immunoreactivity of the surface of the somata and proximal dendrites can be revealed. The glycine receptor-like immunoreactivity exhibits a patch-like distribution similar to that revealed by the anti-SV2 antibody. gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA)-immunopositive terminals contribute to the inhibitory electromotoneuron innervations to a lesser degree. The chemical characteristics of the electromotoneuron innervations of Malapterurus resemble those of other spinal motoneurons rather than spinal electromotoneurons of other electric fish. Thus our immunocytochemical study supports the view that the pattern of electromotoneuron innervations in Malapterurus reveals little specialization. The capacity for information processing required for the control of the electric organ discharge appears to be achieved by the increased integrational capacity of the newly evolved multiple dendrites and not by an additional parallel channel specific for the electromotor system.

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“…At that time, recognition of electrical junctions or combination of electrical and chemical junctions was largely restricted to submammalian vertebrates and invertebrates. In fishes, the investigations of Bennett et al [1966aBennett et al [ , b, 1967, and of G rundfest [1967] established the presence of electrical or ephaptic transmission at the sites of 'gap' junctions. The recent paper of N akajima [1974] has summarized the sites and types of synapses (including the combined forms) on Mauthner neu rons.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spinal Motoneurons of the Goldfish <i>(Carassius auratus)</i>

Schnitzlein¹,

Brown²

1975

Brain Behav Evol

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The spinal cord of goldfish (Carassius auratus) was examined in normal and experimental animals by light and electron microscopy. Comparisons of Golgi material and electron micrographs have shown the large ventral horn motoneurons to have dendrites with few spines. The axon may arise from a ventral dendrite. Synapses on the motoneuron may be chemical or combined electrotonic and chemical or electrotonic between dendrites. Transection of the cord produced degeneration of small boutons, but large boutons remained intact. Small boutons were found on dorsal root axons and large boutons on interneurons in Golgi preparations. Boutons en passant may arise from myelinated fibers.

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Physiology and ultrastructure of electrotonic junctions. 3. Giant electromotor neurons of Malapterurus electricus.

Cited by 93 publications

References 0 publications

A Short-Latency Labyrinthine Input to the Vestibular Nuclei in the Pigeon

A Short-Latency Labyrinthine Input to the Vestibular Nuclei in the Pigeon

Immunocytochemical characterization of the synaptic innervation of a single spinal neuron, the electric catfish electromotoneuron

Spinal Motoneurons of the Goldfish <i>(Carassius auratus)</i>

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