Physiology of cardiovascular aging

Folkow, Björn; Svanborg, Alvar

doi:10.1152/physrev.1993.73.4.725

Cited by 349 publications

(223 citation statements)

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“…[3][4][5] In particular, aging-related endothelial dysfunction would contribute to pathogenesis, maintenance and development of atherosclerosis. Endothelial dysfunction is the initial step of atherosclerosis and is involved in the development of atherosclerosis.…”

Section: Endothelial Dysfunction and Agingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Oxidation of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH 4 ) by ROS induces eNOS uncoupling, and eNOS uncoupling produces ROS rather than NO. 50 Under the condition of oxidative stress, BH 4 predominantly produces superoxide, leading to peroxinitrite. 51 Recently, the role of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in endothelial function has been noted.…”

Section: Endothelial Dysfunction and Agingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…eNOS requires several cofactors, such as heme, flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and flavin mononucleotide (FMN), as well as BH 4 for elicitation of full enzymatic activity. 74,75 BH 4 is an allosteric factor in the coupling of the oxidase and reductase domains of eNOS.…”

Section: Tetrahydrobiopterin (Bh 4 )mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…75 Reduced availability of BH 4 may contribute to the development and maintenance of atherosclerosis. In addition, it has been demonstrated that supplementation of BH 4 or folic acid improves endothelial function in smokers, in patients with diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and chronic heart failure and in elderly subjects. [76][77][78][79][80][81][82] Co-infusion of BH 4 resulted in a significant increase in acetylcholine-induced vasodilation in healthy men.…”

Section: Tetrahydrobiopterin (Bh 4 )mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1,2 Aging is associated with alterations of vascular structure and function through various pathways, including oxidative stress, cell senescence and inflammation. [3][4][5] In addition, the presence of hypertension accelerates aging-related alterations of vascular structure and function, particularly endothelial function. 6,7 Endothelial dysfunction is an early feature of atherosclerosis and vascular diseases in humans.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Endothelial dysfunction and hypertension in aging

2012

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Hypertension is one of the common diseases in the elderly. The prevalence of hypertension markedly increases with advancing age. Both aging and hypertension have a critical role in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular complications. Although aging and hypertension, either independently or collectively, impair endothelial function, aging and hypertension may have similar cascades for the pathogenesis and development of endothelial dysfunction. Nitric oxide (NO) has an important role in regulation of vascular tone. Decrease in NO bioavailability by endothelial dysfunction would lead to elevation of blood pressure. An imbalance of reduced production of NO or increased production of reactive oxygen species, mainly superoxide, may promote endothelial dysfunction. One possible mechanism by which the prevalence of hypertension is increased in relation to aging may be advancing endothelial dysfunction associated with aging through an increase in oxidative stress. In addition, endothelial cell senescence is also involved in aging-related endothelial dysfunction. In this review, we focus on recent findings and interactions between endothelial function, oxidative stress and hypertension in aging.

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Section: Endothelial Dysfunction and Agingmentioning

confidence: 99%