2020
DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2020-0241
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Physiology of guanosine-based second messenger signaling in Bacillus subtilis

Abstract: The guanosine-based second messengers (p)ppGpp and c-di-GMP are key players of the physiological regulation of the Gram-positive model organism B. subtilis. Their regulatory spectrum ranges from key metabolic processes over motility to biofilm formation. Here we review our mechanistic knowledge on their synthesis and degradation in response to environmental and stress signals as well as what is known on their cellular effectors and targets. Moreover, we discuss open questions and our gaps in knowledge on these… Show more

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Cited by 9 publications
(7 citation statements)
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“…Concentration of c-di-GMP increases in bacterial cells in response to environmental stress condition. Concentration of c-di-GMP is very important in regulating motility (inhibit motility) [ 75 ]. Phosphodiesterase (PDE) proteins enhance motility by degrading c-di-GMP.…”
Section: Motilitymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Concentration of c-di-GMP increases in bacterial cells in response to environmental stress condition. Concentration of c-di-GMP is very important in regulating motility (inhibit motility) [ 75 ]. Phosphodiesterase (PDE) proteins enhance motility by degrading c-di-GMP.…”
Section: Motilitymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Probably, loss of ClpY function can be compensated by other Clp ATPases. The dgcB gene encodes one of three diguanylate cyclases in L. monocytogenes for formation of the second messenger c-di-GMP ( 51 , 52 ). Their redundancy might explain that one of them can be lost without impairing viability and virulence.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…IAA is an ubiquitous signaling molecule responsive to different stress conditions ( Somers et al, 2005 ; Bianco et al, 2006 ; Zarkan et al, 2020 ). Finally, we see guanosine, which can play regulatory roles in stress response, biofilm formation, and cellular damage protection ( Cornforth and Foster, 2013 ; Rowlett et al, 2017 ; Bange and Bedrunka, 2020 ). Thus, the observations at this growth phase suggest the cells elucidating general stress response adapting to the loaded environment.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%