Physiology of the Airways

Thompson, David C.; Hickey, Anthony

doi:10.1201/9780203912898.ptone

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…The thickness and the properties of the lung’s epithelial cell layer vary from a columnar cell monolayer with a thickness of 60 µm in the up airways (i.e., bronchi) to a broad cell monolayer 0.2 µm thick in the alveoli. The alveolar epithelial layer separates the lumen airspace from the pulmonary aqueous interstitial compartment, which is composed by different elements, such as the lymphatic vessel, collagen, and fiber [ 5 , 34 , 35 ].…”

Section: Overcoming Lung Barriers Through Tailored Nanocarriersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The uptake of the inhaled drug by the lung’s epithelial cells is influenced by the lung physiopathology [ 34 ]. As a matter of fact, while lipophilic drugs are thought to be rapidly absorbed by passive transcellular diffusion through epithelial cells, small hydrophilic compounds likely diffuse across the epithelium through aqueous pores in intercellular gap junctions [ 36 ].…”

Section: Overcoming Lung Barriers Through Tailored Nanocarriersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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State-of-the-Art Review on Inhalable Lipid and Polymer Nanocarriers: Design and Development Perspectives

Costabile,

Conte,

Brusco

et al. 2024

Pharmaceutics

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Nowadays, the interest in research towards the local administration of drugs via the inhalation route is growing as it enables the direct targeting of the lung tissue, at the same time reducing systemic side effects. This is of great significance in the era of nucleic acid therapeutics and personalized medicine for the local treatment of severe lung diseases. However, the success of any inhalation therapy is driven by a delicate interplay of factors, such as the physiochemical profile of the payload, formulation, inhalation device, aerodynamic properties, and interaction with the lung fluids. The development of drug delivery systems tailored to the needs of this administration route is central to its success and to revolutionize the treatment of respiratory diseases. With this review, we aim to provide an up-to-date overview of advances in the development of nanoparticulate carriers for drug delivery to the lung tissue, with special regard concerning lipid and polymer-based nanocarriers (NCs). Starting from the biological barriers that the anatomical structure of the lung imposes, and that need to be overcome, the current strategies to achieve efficient lung delivery and the best support for the success of NCs for inhalation are highlighted.

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Section: Overcoming Lung Barriers Through Tailored Nanocarriersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Overcoming Lung Barriers Through Tailored Nanocarriersmentioning

confidence: 99%

State-of-the-Art Review on Inhalable Lipid and Polymer Nanocarriers: Design and Development Perspectives

Costabile,

Conte,

Brusco

et al. 2024

Pharmaceutics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Pulmonary delivery has many advantages over other routes, although it also exhibits unique limitations [1,2]. Formulations aimed at pulmonary delivery should include as few as possible additives in order to maintain lung functionality and to avoid respiratory pattern modifications since administration of substances by inhalation raises specific safety concerns.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicological evaluation of lactose and chitosan delivered by inhalation

Valle

Dinis-Oliveira

Carvalho

et al. 2008

Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition

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Abstract-These days, inhalation constitutes a promising administration route for many drugs. However, this route exhibits unique limitations, and formulations aimed at pulmonary delivery should include as few as possible additives in order to maintain lung functionality. The purpose of this work was to investigate the safety of lactose and chitosan to the pulmonary tissue when delivered by inhalation. The study was carried out with 18 Wistar rats divided in three groups receiving distilled water, lactose or chitosan. A solution of each excipient was administered by inhalation at a dose of 20 mg. The lungs were excised and processed to determine several biochemical parameters used as toxicity biomarkers. Protein and carbonyl group content, lipid peroxidation, reduced and oxidized glutathione (GSSG), myeloperoxidase (MPO), cooper/zinc and manganese superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione S-transferase and glutathione peroxidase were determined. Results of myeloperoxidase activity and glutathione disulfide lung concentrations showed a relevant decrease for chitosan group compared to control: 4.67 ± 2.27 versus 15.10 ± 7.27 (P = 0.011) for MPO and 0.89 ± 0.68 versus 2.02 ± 0.22 (P = 0.014) for GSSG. The other parameters did not vary significantly among groups. Lactose and chitosan administered by inhalation failed to show toxic effects to the pulmonary tissue. A protective effect against oxidative stress might even be attributed to chitosan, since some biomarkers had values significantly lower than those observed in the control group when this product was inhaled. Nevertheless, caution must be taken regarding chemical composition and technological processes applied to incorporate these products during drug formulation, in particular for dry powder inhalators.

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Physiology of the Airways

Cited by 2 publications

References 48 publications

State-of-the-Art Review on Inhalable Lipid and Polymer Nanocarriers: Design and Development Perspectives

State-of-the-Art Review on Inhalable Lipid and Polymer Nanocarriers: Design and Development Perspectives

Toxicological evaluation of lactose and chitosan delivered by inhalation

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