Physiology of the endothelium

Galley, Helen F.; Webster, Nigel R.

doi:10.1093/bja/aeh163

Cited by 591 publications

(375 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…The endothelium is a multifunctional endocrine organ strategically placed between the vessel wall and the circulating blood, and has a key role in vascular homeostasis. The endothelium is both a target for and a mediator of CVDs such as HTN, diabetes, insulin resistance, obesity and hyperlipidaemia (Galley & Webster, 2004;Khazaei et al, 2008;Günthner et al, 2009;Higashi et al, 2009;Huang, 2009). Through flow-mediated release of vaso-active autacoids, endothelial cells are important participants in scenarios leading to remodelling of resistance vessel structure.…”

Section: The Endotheliummentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Tulbaghia violacea on the blood pressure and heart rate in male spontaneously hypertensive Wistar rats

Raji

Mugabo

Obikeze

2012

Journal of Ethnopharmacology

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Effect of Tulbaghia violacea on the blood pressure and heart rate in male spontaneously hypertensive Wistar rats I. A. RAJITulbaghia violacea Harv. (Alliaceae) is a small bulbous herb which belongs to the family, Alliaceae, most commonly associated with onions and garlic. In South Africa (SA), this herb has been traditionally used in the treatment of various ailments, including fever, colds, asthma, paralysis, hypertension (HTN) and stomach problems. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of methanol leaf extracts (MLE) of T. violacea on the blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) in anaesthetized male spontaneously hypertensive rats; and to find out the mechanism(s) by which it acts.The MLE of T. violacea (5 -150 mg/kg), angiotensin I (ang I, 3.1 -100 µg/kg), captopril (10 mg/kg), angiotensin II (ang II, 3.1 -50 µg/kg), losartan (30 mg/kg), phenylephrine T. violacea (60 mg/kg) and captopril (10 mg/kg) were injected intraperitoneally into iii some SHR for 21 days to investigate the chronic effect of these agents on plasma levels of aldosterone. The mean change, the mean of the individual percentage changes and the percentage difference (in mean) observed with each intervention was calculated and statistically analyzed using the Student's t test for significant difference (p < 0.05). The Microsoft Excel software was used for statistical analysis.T. violacea significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial BP;and HR dose-dependently. In a dose-dependent manner, ang I, ang II, phenylephrine significantly (p < 0.05) increased the BP, while propranolol, muscarine and atropine reduced the BP. The increases in BP due to dobutamine were not dose-dependent. In a dose dependent manner, phenylephrine and propranolol reduced the HR, while dobutamine increased the HR. The effect of ang I, ang II, muscarine and atropine on HR were not dose-dependent; with both increases as well as decreases observed with ang I, and II and atropine, while decreases were seen with muscarine. Captopril produced significant (p < 0.05) reduction in BP which were not associated with any change in HR.The co-infusion of ang I with the MLE produced significant (p < 0.05) reduction in BP, which were not associated with significant changes in HR. The co-infusion of ang II with the MLE did not produce any significant changes in BP or HR when compared to the infusion of the standard drug alone. The co-infusion of phenylephrine with the MLE did

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Section: The Endotheliummentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Tulbaghia violacea on the blood pressure and heart rate in male spontaneously hypertensive Wistar rats

Raji

Mugabo

Obikeze

2012

Journal of Ethnopharmacology

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“…Since both types of synoviocytes produce cytokines, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and other factors, they may influence each other, and thus their combined response in normal synovium may differ from that of the single cell type. Furthermore, cytokines produced by endothelial cells (36) or cytokines and hormones produced by adipocytes present in the subsynovium may also modify the synoviocyte response (37)(38)(39)(40). Thus, studies concerning chosen populations of cells forming the synovial membrane may not be representative of the whole organ.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of LPS, TNF, TGF-ï¿½1 and IL-4 on the expression of MMPs, TIMPs and selected cytokines in rat synovial membranes incubated in vitro

Hyc

Osiecka-Iwan²,

Niderla-Bielińska

et al. 2010

Int J Mol Med

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Abstract. Synovial membranes are formed by four main types of cells, i.e. fibroblasts, macrophages, epitheliocytes and adipocytes. To study the combined effect of various factors on these cell populations, synovial membranes dissected from rat knee joints were incubated in control medium or medium with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), TNF, TGF-ß1 or IL-4 for 12 h. LPS stimulated TNF secretion and both agents stimulated secretion of IL-6. TGF-ß1 slightly increased IL-6 secretion. LPS increased the mRNA levels of IL-6, IL-1ß, TGF-ß1, MMP1a, MMP1b, MMP3, MMP9, MMP13, MMP14, TIMP1 and TIMP3 while the mRNA levels of MMP2, TIMP2 and TIMP4 were significantly decreased. Expression of IL-1ß, MMP1a, MMP1b, MMP3, MMP9, MMP13 and TIMP1 increased after TNF treatment, while mRNA levels of MMP2, MMP14, TIMP2, TIMP3 and TIMP4 were decreased. TGF-ß1 decreased the mRNA levels of IL-1ß, all MMPs, TIMP1, TIMP2, TIMP4 and increased mRNA levels of itself and TIMP3. IL-4 decreased mRNA levels of IL-1ß, TGF-ß1, MMP2, MMP9, MMP13 and all TIMPs. Only LPS decreased the amount and activity of MMP2. The effect of LPS and cytokines on most of the MMPs and TIMPs produced by whole synovial membrane was in good agreement with previous studies on their action on similar types of cells as those present in synovial membranes, but originating from other tissues. All tested agents decreased MMP2 mRNA expression levels and in the case of LPS also the protein level and its activity determined by zymography, contrary to previous observations on isolated cell populations. This indicates that the response of the organized tissue is an interplay of all components and cannot be deduced from the individual reactions.

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“…Endothelial damage and vascular inflammation in the pulmonary circulation are considered to play an important role in development of PAH, especially during the cardiac surgery (11). Activation of endothelial cells and the subsequent rise in surface expression of adhesion molecules are the two main steps of inflammatory reaction in endothelial damage (12). It is very difficult to determine the endothelial damage in patients with L-R shunt with PAH preoperatively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Increased pulmonary blood flow from the L-R shunt causes both vascular endothelial and endothelial barrier dysfunction (1,12). Recently, Bakouboula et al (2) found that there was a positive correlation between endothelial stimulation, mean PAP, and sVCAM-1 in adult patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prognostic significance of sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 Molecules for cardiac surgery in pediatric patients with pulmonary hypertension

Yıldırım¹,

Güzelmeriç²,

Oner³

et al. 2014

Anadolu Kardiyol Derg

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Objective: To investigate preoperative and postoperative blood levels of soluble intercellular and vascular cell adhesion molecules (sICAM-1, sVCAM-1) in patients with and without pulmonary hypertension (PAH) due to congenital heart disease and left to right (L-R) shunt and to determine whether these molecules can be used as reliable prognostic markers of endothelial activity to predict surgical outcomes. Methods: In this observational prospective cohort study; 42 patients, operated for L-R shunt were divided into three groups. Group 1: L-R shunt without PAH, Group 2: L-R shunt with PAH, Group 3: L-R shunt with PAH and postoperative low cardiac output syndrome (LCOS). Their sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 levels were measured preoperatively (sICAM-0, sVCAM-0) and on the first (sICAM-1, sVCAM-1) and fifth postoperative days (sICAM-2, sVCAM-2).ROC curve for various cut-off levels of sICAM-0, sVCAM-0 in differentiating PAH patients with and without LCOS. Results: In Group 3, sICAM-0 and sVCAM-2 levels were higher than Group 1 and 2. The ROC curve demonstrated a significant association between sICAM-0 in patients with L-R shunt and PAH (Group 2 and 3) and the development of LCOS (area under the curve: 0.98, p<0.01 and 0.97, p<0.01, respectively). At a sICAM-0 concentration >359 ng/mL, there was a sensitivity of 90% and specificity of 95% for identification of LCOS in patients with L-R shunt and PAH (AUC: 0.98, 95% CI: 0.95-1.02, p<0.01). Conclusion: High preoperative sICAM-1 molecule may be used to predict postoperative dichotomous outcome in patients with PAH associated with L-R shunt. (Anadolu Kardiyol Derg 2014; 14: 274-9)

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Physiology of the endothelium

Cited by 591 publications

References 57 publications

Effect of Tulbaghia violacea on the blood pressure and heart rate in male spontaneously hypertensive Wistar rats

Effect of Tulbaghia violacea on the blood pressure and heart rate in male spontaneously hypertensive Wistar rats

Influence of LPS, TNF, TGF-ï¿½1 and IL-4 on the expression of MMPs, TIMPs and selected cytokines in rat synovial membranes incubated in vitro

Prognostic significance of sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 Molecules for cardiac surgery in pediatric patients with pulmonary hypertension

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