Physiology of the prostate

Frick, J.; Aulitzky, W.

doi:10.1007/bf01643679

Cited by 32 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Fluid from the seminal vesicles is also protein rich, but is more alkaline (pH 7.8) and is the main source of seminal fructose and prostaglandins. [16][17][18] Some seminal proteins, like seminin, are proteases. These proteases degrade other seminal proteins and may release any bound or associated drugs.…”

Section: Seminal Plasmamentioning

confidence: 99%

Antiretroviral drug concentrations in semen of HIV-1 infected men

Taylor

Pereira²

2001

Sexually Transmitted Infections

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Because semen is a major vehicle for the sexual transmission of HIV-1, control of viral replication within the sanctuary of the male genital tract should be a goal of antiretroviral therapy. Local immune responses, virus specific factors, and the degree of viral and cellular traYcking all appear to be important in controlling viral replication and evolution. However, the most important factor influencing viral replication and evolution within the male genital tract may be the disposition of antiretroviral agents into genital tissues and fluids. This review proposes possible mechanisms of antiretroviral distribution into the male genital tract by using other sanctuary barriers; such as the placenta, renal tubules, and blood-brain barrier; as models. In addition, this review summarises recent clinical studies regarding the disposition of currently available antiretroviral drugs into the seminal plasma and discusses some of the diYculties in interpreting drug concentration in the genital tract. (Sex Transm Inf 2001;77:4-11)

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Section: Seminal Plasmamentioning

confidence: 99%

Antiretroviral drug concentrations in semen of HIV-1 infected men

Taylor

Pereira²

2001

Sexually Transmitted Infections

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“…This atrophy of prostate cells is due at least in part to a reduction in pro-growth and -survival factors secreted by the stromal cells (7). Furthermore, many genes encoding seminal proteins are under direct regulation by AR in the secretory epithelial cells (8). Restoration of AR signaling rapidly promotes the survival, proliferation, and differentiation of prostate cells, leading ultimately to complete reformation of the functional organ and production of seminal proteins (9).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Genetic Pathways Activated by the Androgen Receptor during the Induction of Proliferation in the Ventral Prostate Gland

Nantermet

et al. 2004

Journal of Biological Chemistry

111

120

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The androgen receptor (AR), when complexed with 5␣-dihydrotestosterone (DHT), supports the survival and proliferation of prostate cells, a process critical for normal development, benign prostatic hypertrophy, and tumorigenesis. However, the androgen-responsive genetic pathways that control prostate cell division and differentiation are largely unknown. To identify such pathways, we examined gene expression in the ventral prostate 6 and 24 h after DHT administration to androgen-depleted rats. 234 transcripts were expressed significantly differently from controls (p < 0.05) at both time points and were subjected to extensive data mining. Functional clustering of the data reveals that the majority of these genes can be classified as participating in induction of secretory activity, metabolic activation, and intracellular signaling/signal transduction, indicating that AR rapidly modulates the expression of genes involved in proliferation and differentiation in the prostate. Notably AR represses the expression of several key cell cycle inhibitors, while modulating members of the wnt and notch signaling pathways, multiple growth factors, and peptide hormone signaling systems, and genes involved in MAP kinase and calcium signaling. Analysis of these data also suggested that p53 activity is negatively regulated by AR activation even though p53 RNA was unchanged. Experiments in LNCaP prostate cancer cells reveal that AR inhibits p53 protein accumulation in the nucleus, providing a post-transcriptional mechanism by which androgens control prostate cell growth and survival. In summary these data provide a comprehensive view of the earliest events in AR-mediated prostate cell proliferation in vivo, and suggest that nuclear exclusion of p53 is a critical step in prostate growth.

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“…One of the complications of C. trachomatis infection in men is chronic prostatitis [15, 22, 24]. The concentration of citric acid, which is produced and stored in the prostate in great amounts, can be regarded as an indicator of the normal functioning of the prostate [2, 6]. When the function is impaired, e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antichlamydial antibodies and citric acid in patients with chronic prostatitis

Ostaszewska-Puchalska¹,

Zdrodowska-Stefanow

Badyda³

et al. 2007

Arch. Immunol. Ther. Exp.

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Abstract.IntroductionThe aim of the study was to evaluate the correlation between the presence of anti-C. trachomatis (C.t.) antibodies in serum and expressed prostatic secretions (EPS) and the concentration of citric acid in patients with chronic prostatitis.Materials and MethodsThe study involved 34 men with chronic prostatitis. The leukocyte count, presence of anti-C.t. antibodies (IgA, IgG), and citric acid concentration were determined in the EPS. The serum was examined for IgM, IgA, and IgG anti-C.t. antibodies. Specific antibodies were determined using the EIA method. The concentration of citric acid was measured using the ultraviolet method.ResultsInflammation of the prostate (≥10 PMN) was found in 61.8% of the patients. A reduction in citric acid concentration in the EPS was detected in 58.8% of the men. Specific serum antibodies were detected in 58.8% of the patients, including 23.5% with IgM, 32.4% with IgA, and 44.1% with IgG. In all patients, serum IgM and IgA antibody titers were low, while those of IgG antibodies were strongly positive in 46.7% of the patients. Anti-C.t. antibodies in the EPS were detected in 44.1% of the patients, including 32.4% with IgA and 35.3% with IgG. In contrast to serum, the titers of IgG antibodies in the EPS were low in all the patients, while those of IgA were strongly positive in 54.5% of cases. In patients with positive serological outcomes, 85% had reduced concentrations of citric acid.ConclusionsThe occurrence of anti-C.t. antibodies is usually accompanied by a decrease in the concentration of citric acid in the prostatic secretion.

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Physiology of the prostate

Cited by 32 publications

References 8 publications

Antiretroviral drug concentrations in semen of HIV-1 infected men

Antiretroviral drug concentrations in semen of HIV-1 infected men

Identification of Genetic Pathways Activated by the Androgen Receptor during the Induction of Proliferation in the Ventral Prostate Gland

Antichlamydial antibodies and citric acid in patients with chronic prostatitis

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