Physiology of tuberization in plants. (Tubers and tuberous roots.)

Gregory, Luis E.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-50088-6_37

Cited by 39 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The mechanism of tuberization has been the subject of considerable investigation in the past several decades. Environmental factors such as photoperiod, temperature, and nitrogen nutrition have a significant influence in controlling tuber formation and development (5). Nevertheless, the fundamental mechanisms for inducing the biochemical events leading to tuberization and controlling photosynthate partitioning in whole plants are important biological questions that remain unanswered.…”

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confidence: 99%

Differential Expression of Potato Tuber Protein Genes

Hannapel¹

1990

Plant Physiol.

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Patatin and the 22-kilodalton protein complex make up more than 50% of the soluble protein present in potato (Solanum tuberosum) tubers and these two proteins are coordinately regulated during tuber development. Although genomic sequences related to these tuber genes exist in the genome of potato species that do not bear tubers, they cannot be induced into expression under the tested conditions. These genes are not expressed during substantial starch accumulation in petioles from a model petiole-leaf cuffing system in nontuber-beanng plants, indicating that starch accumulation and synthesis of the major tuber proteins occur independently. Tuber protein gene expression also has been examined in hybrid potato plants that contain genomes from both tuberizing and nontuberizing species. One such triploid hybrid produced only stolons, whereas a pentaploid hybrid with an increased number of tuber genomes produced tubers. It was shown, using immunoblotting and Northem blot hybridization, that these two hybrids actively expressed both patatin and the 22-kilodalton tuber protein in induced petioles from the leaf-cutting system. The induced accumulation of patatin transcripts was consistent in all genotypes containing some tuberizing genome. The induced accumulation of the 22-kilodalton protein transcripts, however, was lower in genotypes containing some nontuberizing genome. Sucrose induction of these genes in leaves corroborates the induction patterns in petioles. A correlation exists between 22-kilodalton protein gene expression and a potato plant's ability to produce stolons or tubers. Even though patatin and the other major tuber proteins do not exhibit strict tuber-specific expression, their very close correlation with the early events of tuber development and their relative abundance in tubers distinguish them as possible markers for the ongoing processes oftuberization. It is possible that substantial tuber protein accumulation in nontuber tissue reflects the induction of specific biochemical events of tuberization without the accustomed morphological response. To ascertain if such biochemical induction is possible in potato species incapable of attaining tuber morphology, this report focuses on the induced expression oftwo distinct potato-tuber genes present in genomes of plants that do not bear tubers.Diploid species of the series Etuberosa do not bear tubers and have been identified by geneticists as a reservoir of germ plasm of potential value for breeding for disease resistance, quality, and environmental adaptation (6). In an attempt to transfer nontuber potato germ plasm to Solanum tuberosum, Ehlenfeldt and Hanneman (3) identified a triploid hybrid (2n = 3x = 36), which produced only stolons, and a pentaploid hybrid (2n = 5x = 60), which produced tubers. The triploid hybrid (BC) resulted from a cross between a colchicine-induced Solanum brevidens (a diploid species without tubers) and S. chacoense (a diploid tuber-bearing species). The pentaploid hybrid (BCT) resulted from a cross between the triploi...

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confidence: 99%

Differential Expression of Potato Tuber Protein Genes

Hannapel¹

1990

Plant Physiol.

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“…(McCelland, 1928 ;Werner, 1942 ;Driver, 1943 ;Chapman, 1958 ;Gregory, 1965 ;Mendoza and Haynes, 1976 ;Ewing, 1978 ;Ewing and Wareing, 1978 ;Batutis and Ewing, 1982 ;Struik, van Huesden and Burger-Meijer, 1988 ;Wheeler, Tibbitts and Fitzpatrick, 1991). For the most part, these studies have shown that short days (i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Changes in Daylength and Carbon Dioxide on the Growth of Potato

Wheeler

Tibbitts

1997

Annals of Botany

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Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) are highly productive in mid-to high-latitude areas where photoperiods change significantly throughout the growing season. To study the effects of changes in photoperiod on growth and tuber development of potato cv. Denali, plants were grown for 112 d with 400 µmol m −# s −" photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) under a 12-h photoperiod (short days, SD), a 24-h photoperiod (long days, LD), and combinations where plants were moved between the two photoperiods 28, 56, or 84 d after planting. Plants given LD throughout growth received the greatest total daily PPF and produced the greatest tuber yields. At similar levels of total PPF, plants given SD followed by LD yielded greater tuber dry mass (DM) than plants given LD followed by SD. Stem DM per plant, leaf DM, and total plant DM all increased with an increasing proportion of LD and increasing daily PPF, regardless of the daylength sequence. When studies were repeated, but at an enriched (1000 µmol mol −" ) CO # concentration, overall growth trends were similar, with high CO

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“…To investigate the expression of these genes in developing tubers, we used elevated sucrose concentrations to mimic physiological conditions. Sucrose is the major transport sugar in potato plants, and tuberization has been linked to the availability of photosynthates from leaves (6). Starch stored in tubers is dependent upon sucrose from the leaves as its biosynthetic precursor.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Wound-Inducible Potato Proteinase Inhibitor Gene Expressed in Non-Tuber-Bearing Species Is Not Sucrose Inducible

Hansen

Hannapel²

1992

Plant Physiol.

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Sequences homologous to a potato cathepsin D inhibitor cDNA, p749, were identified in the genomic DNA of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) and of two non-tuber-bearing potato species (Solanum etuberosum and S. brevidens) by means of Southern blot analysis. The expression of these p749 genes in leaves was induced at the RNA level in response to wounding. High levels of p749 transcripts were detected in polyadenylated RNA extracted from locally wounded leaves 12 h after wounding. Systemic induction of the cathepsin D inhibitor gene also occurred in nonwounded leaves of wounded plants. Both potato and tomato leaves treated with the oligosaccharide chitosan showed an induced accumulation of p749 transcripts. Even though the cathepsin D inhibitor genes from tomato and from non-tuber-bearing potato species are wound inducible, they could not be induced in leaf explants cultured on medium containing very high concentrations of sucrose. Only leaf explants from the tuber-bearing potato (S. tuberosum) accumulated p749 transcripts when cultured on high sucrose medium. A sequence related to the 22-kD potato proteinase inhibitor cDNA, p34021, was identified in tomato by means of genomic Southern blot analysis. Northern blot hybridization showed that p34021 transcripts accumulated in potato (S. tuberosum) leaf explants, but not in tomato explants, when cultured on high sucrose medium. This study demonstrates that the expression of a potato cathepsin D inhibitor gene in tomato and in non-tuber-bearing potato species is wound inducible, but not sucrose inducible.

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Physiology of tuberization in plants. (Tubers and tuberous roots.)

Cited by 39 publications

References 38 publications

Differential Expression of Potato Tuber Protein Genes

Differential Expression of Potato Tuber Protein Genes

Influence of Changes in Daylength and Carbon Dioxide on the Growth of Potato

A Wound-Inducible Potato Proteinase Inhibitor Gene Expressed in Non-Tuber-Bearing Species Is Not Sucrose Inducible

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