Physiopathology of nitric oxide in the oral environment and its biotechnological potential for new oral treatments: a literature review

Farias, Jade Ormondes de; Lima, Stella Maris de Freitas; Rezende, Taia Maria Berto

doi:10.1007/s00784-020-03629-2

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 134 publications

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“…For instance, the oral microbiome produces nitrites from nitrates, eventually processed by stomach acid into nitric oxide [52]. Salivary nitric oxide inhibits decay, reduces periodontal disease, lowers CRP, and potentially affects airway resistance [53]. Systemic serum levels are associated with normosystolic blood pressure during pregnancy [54].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Whole-Genome Deep Sequencing of the Healthy Adult Nasal Microbiome

Cannon,

Ferrer,

Tesch

et al. 2024

Preprint

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This study aimed to determine shifts in microbial populations regarding richness and diversity from the daily use of a popular over-the-counter nasal spray. In addition, the finding of nasal commensal bacterial species that overlap with the oral microbiome may prove to be potential probiotics for the “gateway microbiomes.” Nasal swab samples were obtained before and after using the most popular over-the-counter (OTC) nasal spray in 10 participants aged 18–48. All participants were healthy volunteers with no significant medical histories. The participants were randomly assigned a number by randomizing software and consisted of five men and five women. The sampling consisted of placing a nasal swab atraumatically into the nasal cavity. The samples were preserved and sent to Northwestern University Sequencing Center for whole-genome deep sequencing. After 21 days of OTC nasal spray use twice daily, the participants returned for further nasal microbiome sampling. The microbial analysis included all bacteria, archaea, viruses, molds, and yeasts via deep sequencing for species analysis. The Northwestern University Sequencing Center utilized artificial intelligence analysis to determine shifts in species and strains following nasal spray use that resulted in changes in diversity and richness.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Whole-Genome Deep Sequencing of the Healthy Adult Nasal Microbiome

Cannon,

Ferrer,

Tesch

et al. 2024

Preprint

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show abstract

“…[52] Salivary nitric oxide inhibits decay, reduces periodontal disease, lowers CRP, and potentially affects airway resistance. [53] Systemic serum levels are associated with normosystolic blood pressure during pregnancy. [54] Nitrate-reducing oral bacterial levels are also linked to a normal pregnancy, and oral dysbiosis due to Porphyromonas gingivalis causes pre-eclampsia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Whole-Genome Deep Sequencing of the Healthy Adult Nasal Microbiome

Cannon,

Ferrer,

Tesch

et al. 2024

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study aimed to determine shifts in microbial populations regarding richness and diversity from daily use of a popular over-the-counter nasal spray. In addition, the finding of nasal commensal bacterial species that overlap with the oral microbiome may prove to be potential probiotics for the “gateway microbiomes.” Nasal swab samples were obtained before and after using the most popular over-the-counter (OTC) nasal spray in 10 participants aged 18–48 years. All participants were healthy volunteers with no significant medical histories. The participants were randomly assigned a number by randomizing software and consisted of five men and five women. The sampling consisted of placing a nasal swab atraumatically into the nasal cavity, which is similar to the sampling performed for COVID-19 testing, with only very slight discomfort, if any. The samples were preserved and sent to Northwestern University Sequencing Center for whole-genome deep sequencing. After 21 days of OTC nasal spray use twice daily, the participants returned for further nasal microbiome sampling. The microbial analysis included all bacteria, archaea, viruses, molds, and yeasts via deep sequencing for species analysis. The Northwestern University Sequencing Center utilized artificial intelligence analysis to determine shifts in species and strains following nasal spray use that resulted in changes in diversity and richness.

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“…So, not only the colonizing bacteria but also the host cells possess CO-producing/NO-producing/H 2 S -producing enzymes. NO is produced by NO synthase enzymes (NOS) ( 174 ). In humans and animals, three H 2 S-producing enzymes have been identified: cystathionine-β-synthase, cystathionine-γ-lyase, and 3-mercapto-sulfurtransferase ( 175 ).…”

Section: Metabolites In the Bacteria-host Interplaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial metabolites in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases: a narrative review

Basic

Dahlén

2023

Front. Oral. Health

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The purpose of this narrative review is to highlight the importance of microbial metabolites in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases. These diseases, involving gingivitis and periodontitis are inflammatory conditions initiated and maintained by the polymicrobial dental plaque/biofilm. Gingivitis is a reversible inflammatory condition while periodontitis involves also irreversible destruction of the periodontal tissues including the alveolar bone. The inflammatory response of the host is a natural reaction to the formation of plaque and the continuous release of metabolic waste products. The microorganisms grow in a nutritious and shielded niche in the periodontal pocket, protected from natural cleaning forces such as saliva. It is a paradox that the consequences of the enhanced inflammatory reaction also enable more slow-growing, fastidious, anaerobic bacteria, with often complex metabolic pathways, to colonize and thrive. Based on complex food chains, nutrient networks and bacterial interactions, a diverse microbial community is formed and established in the gingival pocket. This microbiota is dominated by anaerobic, often motile, Gram-negatives with proteolytic metabolism. Although this alternation in bacterial composition often is considered pathologic, it is a natural development that is promoted by ecological factors and not necessarily a true “dysbiosis”. Normal commensals are adapting to the gingival crevice when tooth cleaning procedures are absent. The proteolytic metabolism is highly complex and involves a number of metabolic pathways with production of a cascade of metabolites in an unspecific manner. The metabolites involve short chain fatty acids (SCFAs; formic, acetic, propionic, butyric, and valeric acid), amines (indole, scatole, cadaverine, putrescine, spermine, spermidine) and gases (NH3, CO, NO, H2S, H2). A homeostatic condition is often present between the colonizers and the host response, where continuous metabolic fluctuations are balanced by the inflammatory response. While it is well established that the effect of the dental biofilm on the host response and tissue repair is mediated by microbial metabolites, the mechanisms behind the tissue destruction (loss of clinical attachment and bone) are still poorly understood. Studies addressing the functions of the microbiota, the metabolites, and how they interplay with host tissues and cells, are therefore warranted.

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Physiopathology of nitric oxide in the oral environment and its biotechnological potential for new oral treatments: a literature review

Cited by 9 publications

References 134 publications

Whole-Genome Deep Sequencing of the Healthy Adult Nasal Microbiome

Whole-Genome Deep Sequencing of the Healthy Adult Nasal Microbiome

Whole-Genome Deep Sequencing of the Healthy Adult Nasal Microbiome

Microbial metabolites in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases: a narrative review

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