Physiotherapy Rehabilitation as an Adjunct to Functional Independence in Diffuse Axonal Injury: A Case Report

Abstract

Diffuse axonal injury (DAI) is a condition that involves damage to axons at a microscopic level. The most common mechanism involves sudden accelerating/decelerating motion that leads to shearing forces in the white matter tract of the brain. The gross damage to axons in the brain occurs at the junction of gray and white matter. Clinical management is a framework for increasing organizational capacity, assimilating evidence-based best practices, and improving the quality of outcomes in physical therapy. A 17-year-old male reported to the hospital with a history of head injury after a fall from a bike. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain revealed the possibility of grade II diffuse axonal injury. Since physiotherapy is used to gain maximum functional independence, the treatment's consistency becomes the most crucial component. The physiotherapy management was provided with various integrative approaches such as passive stretching, task-oriented approaches, and bowel-bladder retraining exercises. Outcome measures such as Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), Tardieu Scale, Rancho Los Amigos Scale (RLAS), and Functional Independence Measure (FIM) were used to assess the progress of the patient. Hence, we conclude that consistency in performing physiotherapy exercises aids in achieving maximum functional independence and further aids in improving the quality of life of patients.

Physiotherapeutic Rehabilitation for a Geriatric Patient With Discitis Associated With Pott’s Spine: A Case Report

“…The hallmark symptom of discitis is persistent back pain, typically worsening at night and progressing from mild discomfort to severe, excruciating pain, especially after initial post-surgical pain relief. This pain may radiate to various areas, such as the buttocks, thighs, legs, scrotum, groin, or perineum [13][14][15][16]. Additional symptoms like fever, fatigue, and malaise may also occur at varying frequencies (11-68% of cases).…”

Integrating Physiotherapy in Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome Management: A Case Report

“…Integrating physiotherapy interventions along with medical management, including passive and active range-of-motion exercises, respiratory muscle training, and functional mobility training, helps to mitigate complications such as muscle rigidity, contractures, and respiratory dysfunction [ 14 ]. By enhancing mobility, reducing the risk of deep vein thrombosis, and promoting overall physical function, physiotherapy has significantly improved outcomes, aiding in faster recovery and reducing the length of hospital stay for patients with NMS [ 15 ].…”

“…Neurophysiotherapy is essential for individuals recuperating from NMS. Neurophysiotherapy for NMS aims to reduce muscle rigidity, improve functional mobility, and avoid long-term immobilization-related complications such as contractures and pressure sores [ 8 ]. The therapeutic procedures include strengthening, passive and active range-of-motion exercises, and mobility training.…”