Phytate in foods and significance for humans: Food sources, intake, processing, bioavailability, protective role and analysis

Schlemmer, Ulrich; Frølich, Wenche; Prieto, Rafel M.; Gráses, F.

doi:10.1002/mnfr.200900099

Cited by 745 publications

(670 citation statements)

References 360 publications

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“…The range of dietary phytate intake in the few European countries for which English-language data are available varies widely (Schlemmer et al, 2009;Amirabdollahian and Ash, 2010;Prynne et al, 2010). For example, median phytate intake reported in the UK based on the representative National Diet and Nutrition Survey ranged from 692 to 948 mg/day in men and from 538 to 807 mg/day in women of various age groups (Amirabdollahian and Ash, 2010), whereas lower intakes have been reported from studies in Scandinavian countries (Brune et al, 1989;Plaami and Kumpulainen, 1996) and in Italy (Carnovale et al, 1987) (see Appendix G).…”

Section: Dietary Phytate Intakementioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on Dietary Reference Values for zinc

Products¹

2014

EFSA Journal

209

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Following a request from the European Commission, the Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA) derived Dietary Reference Values for zinc, using a two-stage factorial approach and reference values for body weight. The first stage of estimating physiological requirements used studies that had physiologically plausible data, specifically related to faecal excretion of endogenous zinc. Adult physiological requirements were closely related to body size, and sex differences were not detectable after adjustment for body weight. Average Requirements (ARs) for dietary zinc necessary to meet physiological requirements were estimated using saturation response modelling, taking into account the inhibitory effect of dietary phytate on zinc absorption. Estimated ARs and Population Reference Intakes (PRIs) are provided for phytate intake levels of 300, 600, 900 and 1 200 mg/day, which cover the range of mean/median intakes observed in European populations. ARs range from 6.2 to 10.2 mg/day for women with a reference weight of 58.5 kg and from 7.5 to 12.7 mg/day for men with a reference weight of 68.1 kg. PRIs were derived from the zinc requirement of individuals with a body weight at the 97.5 th percentile for reference weights for men and women and range from 7.5 to 12.7 mg/day for women and from 9.4 to 16.3 mg/day for men. ARs for infants from seven months of age and for children were estimated factorially, based on extrapolation from estimates of adult losses plus zinc needs for growth, and range from 2.4 to 11.8 mg/day. PRIs for infants and children were derived by assuming a coefficient of variation of 10 %, and range from 2.9 to 14.2 mg/day. For pregnancy and lactation, additional zinc requirements related to fetal and maternal tissues and transfer of zinc into breast milk, respectively, were considered and additional PRIs of 1.6 and 2.9 mg/day, respectively, were estimated. Zinc has a wide array of vital physiological functions. It has a catalytic role in each of the six classes of enzymes. The human transcriptome has 2 500 zinc finger proteins, which have a broad intracellular distribution and the activities of which include binding of RNA molecules and involvement in proteinprotein interactions. Thus, their biological roles include transcriptional and translational control/modulation and signal transduction. © EuropeanThe majority of dietary zinc is absorbed in the upper small intestine. The luminal contents of the duodenum and jejunum, notably phytate, can have a major impact on the percentage of zinc that is available for absorption. Absorption of zinc by the enterocyte is regulated in response to the quantity of bioavailable zinc ingested. Albumin is the major transporter of zinc in both portal and systemic circulation. Virtually no zinc circulates in a free ionised form, and the majority of total body zinc is in muscle and bone; zinc does not have an identified major storage site. The quantity of zinc secreted into and excreted from the intestinal tract depends on body zinc concentrations,...

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Section: Dietary Phytate Intakementioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on Dietary Reference Values for zinc

Products¹

2014

EFSA Journal

209

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“…Also Phytate has been reported to have antioxidative properties and anti cancerogenic activities [13]. The result of the analysis indicated the absence of Phlobatannins, free anthraquinone and reducing compounds.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioprospective Screening of Ricinodendron Heudelotii Seeds

Tamuno-Boma¹

2016

JAPLR

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Submit Manuscript | http://medcraveonline.com IntroductionThe plant Ricinodendron heudelotii commonly called Njangsa is an oily seed tree that has long been used as a medicinal plant. Its uses includes: an antidote against poison, because the extract of the bark are said to contain lupeol, to cure various diseases such as cough, malaria, yellow fever, stomach pain, rheumatism. Other characteristics of the plant are its aphrodisiac and antiInflammatory properties. It has also been used for treatment of infertility and menstrual pain.According to World Health Organization [1], a medicinal plant is any plant which contains substances that can be used for the therapeutic purpose or substances which are precursors for the synthesis. A plant becomes a medicinal plant only when its biological activities has been ethnobotanically reported or scientifically established [2,3].In contrast to synthetic conventional pharmaceuticals, many medicinal plants exert their beneficial effects through the additive or synergistic action of several chemical compounds acting at single or multiple target sites associated with a physiological process [4]. Hence the need to screen the seed of Ricinodendron heudelotii for the presence and concentration of the secondary metabolites (phytochemicals), as the seed is majorly used in preparing various dishes.Phytochemicals are chemical compound that occur naturally in plant, provide the plant with it various characteristics such as colour, flavor, odor and other organoleptic properties .These secondary metabolites are medicinal and can also be obtained from various anatomical structures of plants [2,5] reported that most of the phytochemicals are produced through biosynthesis in the metabolic pathway [6,7] h. Indoles and glucosinolates: may induce detoxification of carcinogens, limit production of cancer related hormones, block carcinogens and prevent tumour growth.This study therefore screens for the presence (qualitative) and concentration (quantitative) phytochemical constituents of the extract of the dried Ricinodendron heudelotii seed, aimed at enhancing the therapeutic value and its use in pharmaceutical industries.

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“…Composition and contents of phytochemicals in soybean vary dramatically depending on the variety and growing environment. In general, the www.intechopen.com contents of major phytochemicals from high to low in soybean are: phytic acid (1.0-2.2%) (25), sterols (0.23-0.46%) (26), saponins (0.17-6.16%) (27), isoflavones (0.1-0.3%) (23), and lignans (0.02%) (28). Secondly, the potential health effects of the major phytochemicals are outlined.…”

Section: Phytochemicals In Soybean and Their Health Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is widely distributed in the plant kingdom. Phytate serves as a storage form of phosphorous and minerals and contains ~75% of total phosphorous of the kernels (25). It is the major source of phosphorus in soy (79).…”

Section: Chemical Characteristics Of Phytatementioning

confidence: 99%