Phytate, zinc, and calcium contents of 30 East African foods and their calculated phytate:Zn, Ca:phytate, and [Ca][phytate]/[Zn] molar ratios

Ferguson, Elaine; Gibson, Rosalind S.; Thompson, Lilian U.; Ôunpuu, Stephanie; Berry, Margaret

doi:10.1016/0889-1575(88)90031-2

Cited by 91 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…In human studies, Phy:Zn molar ratios of 15:1 had been associated with reduced bioavailability [39]. Wise [40] suggested that the in solution increases with decreasing Ca:Phy molar ratios [40]. In the present study no Ca:Phy molar ratio was lower than this critical level of 6:1, this meant Zn bioavailability would also not be impaired under this model.…”

Section: The Daily Energy Requirement For An Adult Is Betweenmentioning

confidence: 44%

Proximate, Mineral And Antinutrient Compositions Of Natural Cocoa Cake, Cocoa Liquor And Alkalized Cocoa Powders

Adeyeye

2016

JAPST

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An investigation into the proximate, mineral and antinutitional constitutents of natural cocoa powder (NCP), natural cocoa liquor (NCL) and alkalized cocoa powder (ACP) was carried out. Other parameters investigated were: energy values as contributed to the total metabolisable energy by protein, fat and carbohydrate and the energy percentages; calculated mineral quality parameters; mineral bioavailability as predicted by Ca: Phy, The three samples, NCP, NCL and ACP had proximate levels (g/100g) as: total ash, 3.73-10.8; moisture, 2.16-9.04; protein, 10.9-24.3; fat, 4.93-56.0; fibre, 1.03-17.3; carbohydrate, 20.5-48.9 and fatty acid, 3.95-44.8. For total energy contribution, results varied from, 1169-2656 kJ/100 g. In the minerals, the followings were highly concentrated: Na, K, Ca, Mg, Zn, Fe and P but low or not detected in Cu, Co and Mn. Virtually all the mineral quality parameters were poor as seen in these ratios: K/Na, Na/K, Ca/P and [K/(Ca + Mg)]. The molar ratios of the samples were good enough to predict the bioavailability of the minerals. The mineral safety index (MSI) values showed that no mineral reached the toxic level in any of the samples. In the antinutritional constituents, ACP was highest in phytin phosphorus (Pp), phytin and Pp % of P; NCL was highest in oxalate and total phosphorus (P); tannin was highest in NCP. χ 2 was significant in all proximate values (except ash, moisture and organic matter); all energy contributions, significant only in Mn (among the minerals); non was significant in the mineral quality parameters; only Ca: Phy was significant in the mineral molar ratios; no value was significant in the MSI and phytin was the only parameter significant among the antinutritional constituents.

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Section: The Daily Energy Requirement For An Adult Is Betweenmentioning

confidence: 44%

Proximate, Mineral And Antinutrient Compositions Of Natural Cocoa Cake, Cocoa Liquor And Alkalized Cocoa Powders

Adeyeye

2016

JAPST

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“…The energy, nutrient and anti-nutrient content (per 100 g), and the [Phy]: [Zn] and [Phy]: [Fe] molar ratios of each recipe were calculated using food composition data compiled by Ferguson et al (1988Ferguson et al ( , 1989 and Gibson et al (1991), and from the literature, where necessary (Platt, 1962;Wu Leung, 1968;Paul & Southgate, 1978;Holland et al, 1991). Food composition values for niacin were not included because only some included the contribution of niacin from tryptophan as well as preformed niacin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Food composition values for niacin were not included because only some included the contribution of niacin from tryptophan as well as preformed niacin. Most of the food composition data for the trace minerals (iron, zinc, copper, manganese), non-starch polysaccharide and phytic acid were derived from chemical analysis of representative samples of staple foods collected in Malawi, Ghana and Papua New Guinea; details of the collection, preparation and analyses of these staples food samples have been published earlier (Ferguson et al, 1988(Ferguson et al, , 1989. Because these staple foods were not analysed for vitamin A, intakes of vitamin A are also not reported here.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complementary foods for infant feeding in developing countries: their nutrient adequacy and improvement

Lehrfeld³

1998

Eur J Clin Nutr

227

240

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Objective: To assess the energy and nutrient adequacy of a variety of complementary foods used in parts of Africa, India, Papua New Guinea, the Philippines and Thailand. Method: The energy, nutrient and anti-nutrient (dietary ®bre and phytic acid) content (per 100 g as eaten, per 100 kcal, and per day) of twenty-three plant-based complementary foods consumed in developing countries was calculated from food composition values based on chemical analysis for the trace minerals, non-starch polysaccharide and phytic acid, and the literature. Results were compared with the estimated nutrient needs (per day; per 100 kcal) from complementary foods for infants 9±11 months, assuming a breast milk intake of average volume and composition and three complementary feedings per day, each of 250 g. Results:Complementary foods should provide approximately 25±50% of total daily requirements for protein, ribo¯avin and copper; 50±75% for thiamin, calcium and manganese; and 75±100% for phosphorus, zinc and iron. Most or all appear to meet the estimated daily nutrient needs (per day; per 100 kcal) from complementary foods for protein, thiamin and copper (per day), but not for calcium, iron, and in some cases zinc, even if moderate bioavailability for iron and zinc is assumed. Some of those based on rice are also inadequate in ribo¯avin (per day; per 100 kcal). Conclusions: Even if strategies to improve the bioavailability of iron and zinc are employed, they are probably insuf®cient to overcome the de®cits in calcium, iron and zinc. Therefore, research on the feasibility of fortifying plant-based complementary foods in developing countries with calcium, iron and zinc is urgently required. Sponsorship: This study was supported by the Micronutrient Initiative through the Canadian International Development Agency.

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“…In our results only cake result (11.5) was above the critical molar ratio of 6:1. Hence, the calcium content of the other fast-foods might be sufficient to promote phytate-induced decreases in zinc bioavailability [34]. Ferguson et al [35] showed that the molar ratio varies with different foods and recommended that this value be used in conjunction with other data to explain the availability of Zn using the Ca:Phy ratio.…”

Section: Mineral Safety Indexmentioning

confidence: 99%

Composition, mineral safety index, calcium, zinc and phytate interrelationships in four fast-foods consumed in Nigeria

Adeyeye¹,

Orisakeye²,

Oyarekua³

2012

Bull. Chem. Soc. Eth.

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ABSTRACT. The proximate, mineral and amino acid contents and calculated values of calcium/phytate Ca/Phy, Zn/Phy, [Ca][Phy]/[Zn], Ca/P, Na/K, Ca/Mg, [K/(Ca+Mg)], mineral safety index (MSI) for Na, Mg, P, Ca, Fe and Zn, and the amino acid scores were determined in four fast-foods consumed in Nigeria. The fast-foods were meat pie, doughnut, moin-moin (steamed bean pudding) and cake. In the proximate: protein ranged 156-327 g/kg, carbohydrate ranged 467-664 g/kg and energy ranged 14-16 mega Joules (14-16 MJ/kg). In minerals: Zn ranged 323-1071 mg/kg and 119-327 mg/kg in Fe while Cu and Co were not detected. The highest phytate level (2554 mg/kg) was observed in moin-moin.

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Phytate, zinc, and calcium contents of 30 East African foods and their calculated phytate:Zn, Ca:phytate, and [Ca][phytate]/[Zn] molar ratios

Cited by 91 publications

References 17 publications

Proximate, Mineral And Antinutrient Compositions Of Natural Cocoa Cake, Cocoa Liquor And Alkalized Cocoa Powders

Proximate, Mineral And Antinutrient Compositions Of Natural Cocoa Cake, Cocoa Liquor And Alkalized Cocoa Powders

Complementary foods for infant feeding in developing countries: their nutrient adequacy and improvement

Composition, mineral safety index, calcium, zinc and phytate interrelationships in four fast-foods consumed in Nigeria

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