Phyto-extraction of heavy metals and biochemical changes with Brassica nigra L. grown in rayon grade paper mill effluent irrigated soil

Abstract

In this study, distribution of metal accumulation and their biological changes of Indian mustard plants (Brassica nigra L.) grown in soil irrigated with different concentration of rayon grade paper effluent (RGPE, 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%, v/v) were studied. A pronounced effect was recorded at 50% (v/v) RGPE on germination of seeds, amylase activity and other growth parameters in Indian mustard plants. An increase in the chlorophyll and protein contents was also recorded at <50% (v/v) RGPE followed by a decrease at higher concentrations of RGPE (>75%). A significant increase lipid peroxidation was recorded, which was evidenced by the increased malondialdehyde (MDA) content in shoot, leaves and seeds in tested plant at all the concentrations of RGPE. This Indian mustard plants (Brassica nigra L.) are well adapted for tolerance of significant amount of heavy metals due to increased level of antioxidants (cysteine and ascorbic acid) in root shoot and leaves of treated plants at all concentration of RGPE. Moreover, it is also important that RGPE should be treated to bring down the metal concentration well within the prescribed limit prior to use in agricultural soil for ferti-irrigation.

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“…The reduction in amylase activity might be due to the high salt load and metals content affecting various physiological and biochemical process of seed germination. These results were consistent with other researchers [4,13,18].…”

“…are used by farmers for irrigation of agriculture field which are deleterious for environmental health. [4,9]. Moreover, plant growth parameters were also affected due to high concentration of potentially toxic metals, high COD values and ions (SO 4 ) which may present in polluted river water [13].…”

“…In developing countries like India mostly rivers are polluted. In India, mostly farmers irrigate their crops with river water having contaminants like high amount of organic compounds and heavy metals due to unavailability of alternate sources of irrigation that ultimately affects biochemical response of crop plants and yield [3,4]. The evaluation of metal toxicity and organic pollutants present in the river water are immensely important to determine their phytotoxicity, before their possible utilization in agriculture and human consumptions.…”

Toxicity Evaluation of Hasdeo River Water on Seed Germination and Amylase Activity in Vigna radiata L.

“…are used by farmers for irrigation of agriculture field which are deleterious for environmental health. 4,9 Moreover, plant growth parameters were also affected due to high concentration of potentially toxic metals, high COD values and ions (SO 4 , K + and Cl − ) which may present in polluted river water. 13 The range of radical length was observed from 3.14 to 5cm for all sampling sites (Table 2).…”

“…In India, mostly farmers irrigate their crops with river water having contaminants like high amount of organic compounds and heavy metals due to unavailability of alternate sources of irrigation that ultimately affects biochemical response of crop plants and yield. 3,4 The evaluation of metal toxicity and organic pollutants present in the river water are immensely important to determine their phytotoxicity, before their possible utilization in agriculture and human consumptions. On other hand, concern about the adverse effect of polluted Hasdeo River water has not arisen until the last decade.…”