Phyto-toxic Effect of Heavy Metal (CdCl2) on Seed Germination, Seedling Growth and Antioxidant Defence Metabolism in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Variety HUW-234

Abstract

The experiments were conducted to assess the phytotoxic effect of heavy metal (CdCl 2). The responses of treatment effect comprises the variables germination %, length (cm), fresh weight and dry weight (mg) of shoot and root, root/shoot ratio, seed vigour index (SVI), reducing sugar, non reducing sugar, total sugar (mg g-1), chlorophyll content (mg g-1), cadmium uptake (ppm g-1), proline content (µg g-1), relative water content (RWC%) and superoxide dismutase (SOD, unit×10 2 g-1 f. weight min-1). CdCl 2 treated sets showed reduction in percent of seed germination, length (cm), fresh weight and dry weight (mg) of shoot and root, root/shoot ratio, seed vigour index (SVI) with increasing the concentrations of CdCl 2 in comparison to control set. A reduction in breakdown of reducing sugar to non reducing sugar and total sugar is correlated with decline of amylase activity along with increasing the concentrations of CdCl 2 in comparison to control one. The chlorophyll content was found in decreasing trend with increasing the concentrations of CdCl 2 in comparison to control. However, the uptake of cadmium was increased with increasing the concentrations up to 100 ppm CdCl 2. The proline content and superoxide Dismutase (SOD) was found to be high in higher concentrations of CdCl 2 treated set and while the enhancement was started since initial concentration CdCl 2 (i.e., 25 ppm). However, the least amount was recorded in control set. On the contrary, RWC% was found to be reduced with increasing the concentrations of CdCl 2 up to 100 ppm even though the maximum RWC% was measured in control set.

Eco-Physiological Responses of Avicennia marina (Forssk.) Vierh. to Trace Metals Pollution via Intensifying Antioxidant and Secondary Metabolite Contents

“…In the present work, proline accumulation in A. marina shoots and roots is higher at locations 1 and 5, with the highest value (789.5 µg proline g-100 F.wt) recorded in A. marina leaves at location 1 ( Figure 6 a). It was reported by Siddique and Dubey [ 87 ] that the plants treated with toxic heavy metal content show acceleration in proline biosynthesis. Also, exogenous application of proline could suppress the heavy metal-induced lipid peroxidation as well as potassium leakage that may execute to provide protection to the plant cell [ 88 , 89 ].…”

Cadmium Toxicity in Plants: Remedial Strategy Through Seed Priming

“…To endure heavy metals stress plant develops various morpho-physiological, biochemical and molecular changes viz. modification in root architecture, insulation of heavy metals in the vacuole and bursting of antioxidant (SOD, CAT, GPX, GSH and POX) and production of osmoregulatory compound (Proline, Glycine and Betaine) which act as defensive mechanism (Siddique and Dubey, 2017;Singhal et al, 2022;Indu et al, 2021 andHaider et al, 2021). Antioxidant enzymes have a specific role in plant systems which act as a scavenger of ROS (O2-, H 2 O 2 and OH*) from plant cells and cell organelles.…”

“…Cd also interacts with other biomolecules such as protein, carbohydrate and lipids, and at the molecular level are well advocated for the detrimental impact on the activity of the linked enzymes (Khan et al, 2020 andYang et al, 2018). Seed priming with a wide range of organic and inorganic compounds has already proven its defensive role in plants against adverse conditions hence; in the current review, we considered the most versatile approach to seed priming to ameliorate the phytotoxic effect of cadmium in the plant (Anaytullah and Bose (2007) and Siddique and Dubey, 2017).…”

Cyclopia subternata growth, yield, proline and relative water content in response to water deficit stress

“…Plants have proven to use protective mechanisms such as proline and carbohydrate accumulation to cope with water-deficit situations (Mabizela, 2020). Proline is a water-soluble amino acid and beneficial solute that accumulates in plants under different kinds of stresses, such as drought, cold, heat, heavy metal, nutrient, and salt stress (Siddique and Dubey, 2017).…”