Phytoalexins as Part of Induced Defence Reactions in Plants: Their Elicitation, Function and Metabolism

Barz, Wolfgang; Bless, W.; Börger-Papendorf, G.; Gunia, W.; Mackenbrock, Ulrike; Meier, D.; Otto, Christoph; Süper, E.

doi:10.1002/9780470514009.ch11

Cited by 17 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Our results showed that the phenolic changes were more pronounced in young leaves than in the middle-aged leaves of the infected plants. However, the phenol content in young leaves was lower in infected plants as reported by Barz et al (1990).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Effect ofTomato yellow leaf curl bigeminivirus(TYLCV) infection on tomato cell ultrastructure and physiology

Montasser

Al-Own

Haneif

et al. 2012

Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology

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Tomato yellow leaf curl bigeminivirus was isolated in Kuwait and therefore designated as TYLCV-K. The virus was found to be transmitted by whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci Genn.), and produced the characteristic external symptoms on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) test plants. Electron microscopy of ultra-thin sections of infected leaves showed alterations in the ultrastructure of some organelles and uneven thickenings of the cell wall of the phloem tissue associated with severe damage in chloroplasts and abnormal building up of oily inclusions and empty vacuoles. The causal virus was characterized as a whitefly-transmitted monopartite Geminivirus. Viral genomic DNA fragment of 1.1 kb was successfully amplified from TYLCV-K infected tissues using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The virus identity was confirmed by using Southern and dot-blot hybridizations. Chemical components of tomato leaves, such as photosynthetic pigments, especially chlorophyll a and b, total lipids, saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, reducing sugars and proteins, decreased in infected leaves when compared with healthy leaves of tomato test plants. On the other hand, total phenols accumulated to a greater extent in infected leaves. However, concentration of ascorbic acid (an antioxidant), leaf extract pH and total fatty acids were not dramatically affected by TYLCV-K. The level of increase or decrease of these constituents varied with different stages of plant growth (depending upon the developmental stages of the leaf at the time of infection). Our study showed that the level of some of the chemical constituents in tomato leaves changed in response to TYLCV-K infection.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Effect ofTomato yellow leaf curl bigeminivirus(TYLCV) infection on tomato cell ultrastructure and physiology

Montasser

Al-Own

Haneif

et al. 2012

Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology

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“…1A). The degradation of extracellular resveratrol could be due to the activities of extracellular acidic peroxidases that were reported to degrade extracellular phytoalexins [30]. The appearance of extracellular ɛ-viniferin, which was tentatively identified based on its UV spectrum and HPLC retention time (Supplemental Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment strategies for high resveratrol induction in Vitis vinifera L. cell suspension culture

Vuong

Franco

Zhang

2014

Biotechnology Reports

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Bioprocesses capable of producing large scales of resveratrol at nutraceutical grade are in demand. This study herein investigated treatment strategies to induce the production of resveratrol in Vitis vinifera L. cell suspension cultures. Among seven investigated elicitors, jasmonic acid (JA), salicylic acid, β-glucan (GLU), and chitosan enhanced the production of intracellular resveratrol manyfold. The combined treatment of JA and GLU increased extracellular resveratrol production by up to tenfold. The application of Amberlite XAD-7 resin for in situ removal and artificial storage of secreted resveratrol further increased resveratrol production by up to four orders of magnitude. The level of resveratrol produced in response to the combined treatment with 200 g/L XAD-7, 10 μM JA and 1 mg/mL GLU was approximately 2400 mg/L, allowing the production of resveratrol at an industrial scale. The high yield of resveratrol is due to the involvement of a number of mechanisms working in concert.

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“…Various antimicrobial compounds, which are synthesized by plants after infection, have been discovered (Osbourn, 1996). One group of compounds, phytoalexins, is formed de novo after invasion, whereas others, phytoanticipins, are preformed compounds that may undergo postinfection modifications in order to express full toxicity (Barz et al, 1990). Secondary metabolites of the phenylpropanoid pathway such as phenolic acids and flavonoids are well-known examples of compounds that may be produced by plants as phytoanticipins or phytoalexins in order to fight invading microorganisms (Dixon and Paiva, 1995;Dixon et al, 2002).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Silicon-Induced Changes in Antifungal Phenolic Acids, Flavonoids, and Key Phenylpropanoid Pathway Genes during the Interaction between Miniature Roses and the Biotrophic Pathogen Podosphaera pannosa

et al. 2011

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Application of 3.6 mM silicon (Si+) to the rose (Rosa hybrida) cultivar Smart increased the concentration of antimicrobial phenolic acids and flavonoids in response to infection by rose powdery mildew (Podosphaera pannosa). Simultaneously, the expression of genes coding for key enzymes in the phenylpropanoid pathway (phenylalanine ammonia lyase, cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase, and chalcone synthase) was up-regulated. The increase in phenolic compounds correlated with a 46% reduction in disease severity compared with inoculated leaves without Si application (Si2). Furthermore, Si application without pathogen inoculation induced gene expression and primed the accumulation of several phenolics compared with the uninoculated Si2 control. Chlorogenic acid was the phenolic acid detected in the highest concentration, with an increase of more than 80% in Si+ inoculated compared with Si2 uninoculated plants. Among the quantified flavonoids, rutin and quercitrin were detected in the highest concentrations, and the rutin concentration increased more than 20-fold in Si+ inoculated compared with Si2 uninoculated plants. Both rutin and chlorogenic acid had antimicrobial effects on P. pannosa, evidenced by reduced conidial germination and appressorium formation of the pathogen, both after spray application and infiltration into leaves. The application of rutin and chlorogenic acid reduced powdery mildew severity by 40% to 50%, and observation of an effect after leaf infiltration indicated that these two phenolics can be transported to the epidermal surface. In conclusion, we provide evidence that Si plays an active role in disease reduction in rose by inducing the production of antifungal phenolic metabolites as a response to powdery mildew infection.

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Phytoalexins as Part of Induced Defence Reactions in Plants: Their Elicitation, Function and Metabolism

Cited by 17 publications

References 29 publications

Effect ofTomato yellow leaf curl bigeminivirus(TYLCV) infection on tomato cell ultrastructure and physiology

Effect ofTomato yellow leaf curl bigeminivirus(TYLCV) infection on tomato cell ultrastructure and physiology

Treatment strategies for high resveratrol induction in Vitis vinifera L. cell suspension culture

Silicon-Induced Changes in Antifungal Phenolic Acids, Flavonoids, and Key Phenylpropanoid Pathway Genes during the Interaction between Miniature Roses and the Biotrophic Pathogen Podosphaera pannosa

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