Phytobiotics from Oregano Extracts Enhance the Intestinal Health and Growth Performance of Pigs

Duarte, Marcos Elias; Kim, Sung Woo

doi:10.3390/antiox11102066

Cited by 16 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Increasing supplemental levels of β-mannanase linearly reduced TNF-α, IgG, MDA, and PC both in the duodenum and the jejunum of nursery pigs. The TNF-α, a pro-inflammatory cytokine, along with IgG, an immunoglobulin, are key mediators of inflammatory response, and MDA and PC are products of oxidative damage ( Duarte and Kim, 2022 ; Deng et al., 2023b ; Jang et al., 2023b ). Previous studies have shown that the decreases in TNF-α and IgG ( Holanda and Kim, 2022 ; Deng et al., 2023a ) and MDA and PC ( Chen et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of β-mannanase supplementation on intestinal health and growth of nursery pigs

Jang,

Kim,

Duarte

et al. 2024

Journal of Animal Science

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Two experiments were conducted using 120 pigs to test the hypothesis that supplementation of β-mannanase could reduce digesta viscosity, enhance nutrient digestion, and improve intestinal health and growth of nursery pigs. In Exp. 1, 48 crossbred barrows were randomly allotted to four treatments with increasing levels of β-mannanase at 0, 200, 400, and 600 unit (U)/kg in feeds. All pigs were euthanized on d 12 to collect jejunal digesta to measure digesta viscosity and ileal digesta to measure apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of dry matter (DM), gross energy (GE), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF). In Exp. 2, 72 nursery pigs were randomly allotted to three treatments with increasing levels of β-mannanase at 0, 400, and 600 unit (U)/kg in feeds. Plasma collected on d 9 was used to measure tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), immunoglobulin G (IgG), malondialdehyde (MDA), and protein carbonyl (PC). All pigs were euthanized on d 10 to collect duodenal and jejunal tissues to evaluate the production of TNF-α, IL-6, and MDA, morphology, crypt cell proliferation, and expression of tight junction proteins in the jejunum. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure for polynomial contrasts and the NLMIXED procedure for broken line analysis of SAS. In Exp. 1, β-mannanase supplementation tended to have quadratic effects on digesta viscosity (P = 0.085) and AID of GE (P = 0.093) in the pigs. In Exp. 2, jejunal digesta viscosity of the pigs was reduced (P < 0.05) when β-mannanase was supplemented at 360 U/kg of feed. β-mannanase supplementation linearly reduced (P < 0.05) TNF-α, IgG, MDA, and PC in the duodenum, and TNF-α, IgG, and MDA in the jejunum of the pigs. β-mannanase supplementation linearly increased (P < 0.05) villus height to crypt depth ratio and crypt cell proliferation in the jejunum. β-mannanase supplementation tended to linearly improve (P = 0.083) expression of ZO-1 in the jejunum. In conclusion, supplementation of β-mannanase at 360 U/kg reduced the digesta viscosity and up to 600 U/kg positively affected intestinal health and growth of pigs by reducing inflammation and oxidative stress whilst enhancing structure and barrier function in the jejunum.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of β-mannanase supplementation on intestinal health and growth of nursery pigs

Jang,

Kim,

Duarte

et al. 2024

Journal of Animal Science

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“…The tight junction proteins were measured as previously reported by Duarte and Kim [ 37 ]. Briefly, the total protein of the duodenum and jejunum were extracted by using RIPA Lysis and Extraction Buffer (content: 25 mmol/L Tris-HCl, pH 7.6, 150 mmol/L NaCl, 1% NP-40, 1% sodium deoxycholate, 0.1% SDS) (89900, Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc.), with the supplementation of Halt Protease Inhibitor Cocktail (100 ×) (87786, Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc.).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low crude protein formulation with supplemental amino acids for its impacts on intestinal health and growth performance of growing-finishing pigs

Duarte,

Parnsen,

Zhang

et al. 2024

J Animal Sci Biotechnol

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Background Low crude protein (CP) formulations with supplemental amino acids (AA) are used to enhance intestinal health, reduce costs, minimize environmental impact, and maintain growth performance of pigs. However, extensive reduction of dietary CP can compromise growth performance due to limited synthesis of non-essential AA and limited availability of bioactive compounds from protein supplements even when AA requirements are met. Moreover, implementing a low CP formulation can increase the net energy (NE) content in feeds causing excessive fat deposition. Additional supplementation of functional AA, coupled with low CP formulation could further enhance intestinal health and glucose metabolism, improving nitrogen utilization, and growth performance. Three experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of low CP formulations with supplemental AA on the intestinal health and growth performance of growing-finishing pigs. Methods In Exp. 1, 90 pigs (19.7 ± 1.1 kg, 45 barrows and 45 gilts) were assigned to 3 treatments: CON (18.0% CP, supplementing Lys, Met, and Thr), LCP (16.0% CP, supplementing Lys, Met, Thr, Trp, and Val), and LCPT (16.1% CP, LCP + 0.05% SID Trp). In Exp. 2, 72 pigs (34.2 ± 4.2 kg BW) were assigned to 3 treatments: CON (17.7% CP, meeting the requirements of Lys, Met, Thr, and Trp); LCP (15.0% CP, meeting Lys, Thr, Trp, Met, Val, Ile, and Phe); and VLCP (12.8% CP, meeting Lys, Thr, Trp, Met, Val, Ile, Phe, His, and Leu). In Exp. 3, 72 pigs (54.1 ± 5.9 kg BW) were assigned to 3 treatments and fed experimental diets for 3 phases (grower 2, finishing 1, and finishing 2). Treatments were CON (18.0%, 13.8%, 12.7% CP for 3 phases; meeting Lys, Met, Thr, and Trp); LCP (13.5%, 11.4%, 10.4% CP for 3 phases; meeting Lys, Thr, Trp, Met, Val, Ile, and Phe); and LCPG (14.1%, 12.8%, 11.1% CP for 3 phases; LCP + Glu to match SID Glu with CON). All diets had 2.6 Mcal/kg NE. Results In Exp. 1, overall, the growth performance did not differ among treatments. The LCPT increased (P < 0.05) Claudin-1 expression in the duodenum and jejunum. The LCP and LCPT increased (P < 0.05) CAT-1, 4F2hc, and B0AT expressions in the jejunum. In Exp. 2, overall, the VLCP reduced (P < 0.05) G:F and BUN. The LCP and VLCP increased (P < 0.05) the backfat thickness (BFT). In Exp. 3, overall, growth performance and BFT did not differ among treatments. The LCPG reduced (P < 0.05) BUN, whereas increased the insulin in plasma. The LCP and LCPG reduced (P < 0.05) the abundance of Streptococcaceae, whereas the LCP reduced (P < 0.05) Erysipelotrichaceae, and the alpha diversity. Conclusions When implementing low CP formulation, CP can be reduced by supplementation of Lys, Thr, Met, Trp, Val, and Ile without affecting the growth performance of growing-finishing pigs when NE is adjusted to avoid increased fat deposition. Supplementation of Trp above the requirement or supplementation of Glu in low CP formulation seems to benefit intestinal health as well as improved nitrogen utilization and glucose metabolism.

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“…Organic acids and EO blends work in synergy to suppress growth of pathogenic microbes and promote the growth of beneficial microbes [ 55 ]. Formic acid, fumaric acid, and citric acid reduced the incidence and severity of diarrhea, increased microbial diversity in the GIT, and reduced E. coli counts while increasing lactobacilli counts [ 22 , 56 , 57 ]. Herb and plant extracts reduced the E. coli count and improved energy digestion [ 58 , 59 ].…”

Section: Effect Of Organic Acids and Essential Oils On Pig Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Potential of Organic Acids, Essential Oils and Their Blends in Pig Diets as Alternatives to Antibiotic Growth Promoters

Nhara,

Marume,

Nantapo

2024

Animals

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Over the years, the use of management and feeding strategies to enhance pig productivity while minimizing the use of antibiotic growth promoters has grown. Antibiotic growth promoters have been widely used as feed additives to reduce diet-related stress and improve pig performance. However, increasing concern about the consequences of long-term and increased use of antibiotic growth promoters in animal production has led to a paradigm shift towards the use of natural organic alternatives such as plant essential oils and organic acids in pig nutrition to enhance growth. Antibiotic growth promoters endanger human health by allowing multidrug-resistant genes to be transferred horizontally from non-pathogenic to pathogenic bacteria, as well as directly between animals and humans. Scientific research shows that alternative growth promoters such as essential oils and organic acids appear to improve pigs’ ability to prevent pathogenic bacteria from colonizing the intestinal system, stabilizing the gut microflora and promoting eubiosis, as well as improving immunity and antioxidant stability. The purpose of this review was to provide an in-depth review of organic acids and essential oils as growth promoters in pig production, as well as their effects on productivity and meat quality. Organic acids and essential oils in pig diets are a safe way to improve pig performance and welfare while producing antibiotic-free pork.

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Phytobiotics from Oregano Extracts Enhance the Intestinal Health and Growth Performance of Pigs

Cited by 16 publications

References 52 publications

Effects of β-mannanase supplementation on intestinal health and growth of nursery pigs

Effects of β-mannanase supplementation on intestinal health and growth of nursery pigs

Low crude protein formulation with supplemental amino acids for its impacts on intestinal health and growth performance of growing-finishing pigs

Potential of Organic Acids, Essential Oils and Their Blends in Pig Diets as Alternatives to Antibiotic Growth Promoters

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