Phytobiotics with Adsorbent to Mitigate Toxicity of Multiple Mycotoxins on Health and Growth of Pigs

Abstract

Phytobiotics with a mycotoxin adsorbent were used to mitigate negative effects of multiple mycotoxins in diets fed to pigs. In experiment 1, 120 pigs (11.6 kg body weight; BW) were assigned to five treatments (three pigs/pen) and fed for 28 days. Treatments were CON (control), MTD (CON + 2.5 mg/kg of deoxynivalenol), DP (MTD + phytobiotics at 0.1%), and DPA1 and DPA2 (MTD + phytobiotics and adsorbent at 0.1% and 0.2%, respectively). In experiment 2, 96 pigs (28.5 kg BW) were assigned to four treatments (three pigs/pen) and fed for 26 days. Treatments were CON, MTAF (CON + 0.19 mg/kg of aflatoxin and 8 mg/kg of fumonisins), AFP (MTAF + phytobiotics at 0.1%), and AFPA (MTAF + phytobiotics and adsorbent at 0.1%). Growth performance was measured weekly, and blood was sampled at the end of study to measure hepatic function and inflammatory status (TNF-α). Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure. In experiment 1, pigs fed MTD, DP, DPA1, and DPA2 had smaller (p < 0.05) BW than CON. Pigs fed DPA2 had greater (p < 0.05) BW than MTD. Pigs fed DP and DPA2 tended to have lower (p < 0.1) serum total protein than CON. Pigs fed MTD and DPA2 tended to have higher (p < 0.1) alanine aminotransferase than CON. Similarly, pigs fed MTD, DP, and DPA2 tended to have higher (p < 0.1) urea nitrogen/creatinine than CON. In experiment 2, pigs fed MTAF, AFP, and AFPA had smaller (p < 0.05) BW than CON. Pigs fed MTAF, AFP, and AFPA had smaller (p < 0.05) ADFI than CON. Pigs fed AFPA had higher (p < 0.05) aspartate aminotransferase than CON and MTAF. Pigs fed AFP and AFPA had higher (p < 0.05) alanine aminotransferase than CON. Pigs fed MTAF, AFP, and AFPA had lower (p < 0.05) urea nitrogen/creatinine than CON. Pigs fed AFPA had higher (p < 0.05) TNF-α than CON and MTAF. In conclusion, feeding an additional 2.5 mg/kg of deoxynivalenol or 0.19 mg/kg of aflatoxin with 8 mg/kg of fumonisins reduced the growth of pigs. Deoxynivalenol compromised the hepatic function of pigs. Phytobiotics with adsorbent could partly overcome the detrimental effects of mycotoxins.

Resveratrol Improves Intestinal Morphology and Anti-Oxidation Ability in Deoxynivalenol-Challenged Piglets

“…However, most of the adsorbents have low adsorption capabilities for DON due to their weak polarities and poor electrophilicities [4,5]. Because oxidative stress is regarded as an important mechanism of DON toxicity [6], extensive attention has been focused on substances that effectively inhibit oxidative stress and improve immune function [7,8]. Resveratrol (RES) is a naturally occurring polyphenol found in peanuts, red wine, grapes, pistachios, mulberries, and chocolate [9][10][11].…”

Pharmacological Applications and Action Mechanisms of Phytochemicals as Alternatives to Antibiotics in Pig Production

“…Phytobiotics , such as plant extracts, typically include bioactive extracts and characterize with antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties ( 150 ). Phytobiotics are often included in mycotoxin-detoxifying agent formulas to mitigate the negative effects of multiple mycotoxins in diets fed to pigs, which is directly related to the gut health and gut microflora of pigs ( 151 ). In summary, the effects of phytochemicals on mycotoxin poisoning can be achieved by regulating signaling pathways, improving histological damage, oxidative stress, flora abundance, and regulating anti-inflammatory activity and metabolic activity.…”

Effects of Turmeric Powder on Aflatoxin M1 and Aflatoxicol Excretion in Milk from Dairy Cows Exposed to Aflatoxin B1 at the EU Maximum Tolerable Levels

“…However, the use of binders is not free from potential side effects due to their capacity to adsorb amino acids, vitamins and possibly other nutrients or feed additives [ 13 ]. There is, therefore, an increasing interest toward natural compounds with the potential to mitigate AFB1-mediated adverse effects through different mechanisms, reducing the accumulation of its metabolites in the tissues of different food-producing species as well as AFM1 milk contamination in ruminants [ 12 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ]. Among phytogenic products, curcumin (CUR) and curcuminoids (CURS, i.e., desmethoxycurcumin and bis-desmethoxycurcumin) from turmeric ( Curcuma longa ) are receiving growing attention, based on their numerous beneficial properties including anti-inflammatory, antineoplastic and antioxidant effects in humans and in various animal species [ 18 , 19 ].…”