Phytochemical and antimicrobial activity of the stem-bark of Gardenia aqualla Stapf Hutch (Rubeacea)

Abstract

Gardenia aqualla Stapf & Hutch (Rubeacea) is a plant belonging to the family Rubeacea. Preliminary phytochemistry carried out on the methanolic (ME) extract of the stem bark revealed the presence of steroid, carbohydrates, anthraquinones, saponins, triterpenes, tannins, cardiac glycoside and flavonoid while the petroleum ether (PE) extract of the stem bark revealed the presence of steroid, triterpenes and flavonoids. The PE extract and the ME were evaluated for antimicrobial screening using agar diffusion and broth dilution method on the following clinical isolates; Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus aerogenes, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Shigella dysenterea and the fungi Trichophytom rubrum, Candida albicans and Microsporan spp. Both extracts were active against S. aureus, E. aerogenes, E. coli, S. typhi and S. dysenteriae with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) between 3.13 and 6.25 mg/ml and 1.25 to 2.25 mg/ml for PE and ME extracts, respectively and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) ranged between 12.50 to 25.00 mg/ml and 2.50 to 5.00 mg/ml for PE and ME extracts, respectively. Both extracts showed no antifungal activity. The antibacterial activity of both extracts may be due to the presence of the secondary metabolites present. This study thus justifies the use of this plant in traditional medicine.

In vitro antibacterial activity of traditionally used medicinal plants against Xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum in Ethiopia

“…The antibacterial activity of extracts was evaluated using disc diffusion method (EUCAST, 2012). MIC and MBC of leaf extracts were determined by agar dilution method as described in EUCAST (2000) and Njinga et al (2014), respectively. The bacterial suspension adjusted to 1.5 x 10 8 CFU/mL was inoculated to the Petri dishes containing YPSA growth medium using cotton swab.…”

Antibacterial activity of medicinal plant extracts against <i>Ralstonia solanacearum</i> (Smith) that causes bacterial wilt in hot pepper (<i>Capsicum annuum</i> L.)

“…Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of leaf extracts was determined as described in Njinga et al (2014). Serial test concentrations of each species extract were prepared.…”

Phytochemical Screening and Corrosion Inhibition of the Ethanolic Leave Extracts of &lt;i&gt;Gardenia aqualla&lt;/i&gt; Stapf & Hutch In 1M H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;SO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; Acid Solution

“…Studies have shown that the phytochemistry of the methanolic extract of stem bark of G. aqualla revealed the presence of steroid, carbohydrate, anthraquinones, saponins, triterpenes, tannins, cardiac glycoside and flavonoids. The antimicrobial activity of this plant indicates that the plant can be used as traditional medicine [12][13][14]. Hence, the leaves, roots, fruits and stem bark is used to treat leprosy, oral infection, ear infection and bowel disorder respectively in Northern Nigeria [15].…”