Phytochemical and Biological Evaluation of a Newly Designed Vitis Vinifera Seed Oil Self-Nanoemulsifying System

Abstract

Background The objective of this research is to extract and formulate a nanoemulsion consisting of Vitis vinifera (V. vinifera) oil. Following this, the antioxidant, anti-diabetic, and anti-lipase properties of both the oil and the nanoemulsion system will be examined. Method V. vinfera seed oil extraction was followed by the preparation of its self-nanoemulsifying system. GC analysis was conducted to analyze phytochemical compounds, and physical characterization was performed for the V. vinfera oil self-nanoemulsifying system. Subsequently, antioxidant, anti-diabetic, and anti-lipase activities were investigated for the oil and its nanoemulsion. Result The biologically active components of V. vinifera oil were detected using a GC/MS device. The main components were: linoleic acid methyl ester, oleic acid methyl ester, palmitic acid methyl ester, and stearic acid methyl ester, and elaidic acid methyl ester. The optimum nanoemulsion formulation, which comprised Tween 80, Span 80, and V. vinifera seed oil and had a PDI of 0.227 ± 0.07 and a droplet size of 192.71 ± 1.8 nm. Porcine lipase inhibition of V. vinifera oil and its nanoemulsion was detected; the oil showed potent lipase inhibitory activity when compared to orlistat. The self-nanoemulsion has less inhibitory activity than the oil, with an IC50 equivalent to 13.8 ± 1.5 µg/ml. Also, V. vinifera oil inhibited a-amylase with a weak IC50 value of 257.03 ± 2.4 µg/ml. The free radical scavenging activity of the extracted V. vinifera oil was estimated using the DPPH radical method and trolox. The self-nanoemulsion has less inhibitory activity than the oil, with an IC50 value of 13.80 ± 1.5 µg/ml. Conclusion This study demonstrated the importance of black grape (V. vinfera) oil for treating and preventing obesity, diabetes, and oxidative stress, as well as how nanoemulsions improve these activities. Therefore, this natural oil is a promising product for the pharmaceutical industry.