Phytochemical and Biological Screening of Leaf, Bark and Fruit Extracts from Ilex dipyrena Wall.

Abstract

The Aquifoliaceae is an important family and has been used traditionally for some time. One of the members of this family is the Ilex dipyrena wall, which itself possesses a potential medicinal importance. This plant is traditionally used for the treatment of various ailments including pain, swelling, burns, and fever. The current study was designed to screen out the antioxidant and analgesic potential of this plant and to verify its traditional uses, along with its phytochemical profile. Extracts were subjected to antioxidant, analgesic, and phytochemical analysis using DPPH, chemical-induced (acetic acid and formalin) nociception models and GC-MS analysis, respectively. The leaf, bark, and fruit extracts showed significant antioxidant activity compared to that of standard. Likewise, all the extracts demonstrated significant (p < 0.01) analgesic activity in a mice model. In acetic acid induced analgesia, the leaf, bark, and fruit extracts caused 51.64, 56.13 and 59.52% inhibition, respectively at a dose of 100 mg/kg while at 200 mg/kg it showed 83.01, 71.69 and 75.47% inhibition, respectively. In Formalin-induced paw-licking assay, fruit extract showed 59.42 and 64.19% inhibition at 200 mg/kg dose in the first and second phase, respectively. The GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of cathinone, phenylpropanolamine, dl-phenylephrine, amphetamine, myristic acid, and palmitic acid. Results of the study suggest that crude extracts from different parts of this plant may be a useful source for the development of novel analgesics. However, further investigation in terms of isolation of bioactive compounds and their toxicological evaluations are needed to validate the observed results.

Amelioration of Scopolamine-Induced Cognitive Dysfunction in Experimental Mice Using the Medicinal Plant Salvia moorcroftiana

“…Oxidative stress in modern societies has increased many fold due to little or no use of vegetables and fruits, giving rise to a number of health complications such as diabetes, aging, and neurodegenerative diseases. Natural antioxidants and their health benefits have gained a lot of importance in the common population due to their low incidences of side effects [ 44 ]. Many plants have been recognized to contain natural antioxidants capable of scavenging the free radicals formed in the body, for example Angelica pancicii , Achillea grandifolia, Artemisia absinthium, and Salvia officinalis [ 44 ].…”

“…Natural antioxidants and their health benefits have gained a lot of importance in the common population due to their low incidences of side effects [ 44 ]. Many plants have been recognized to contain natural antioxidants capable of scavenging the free radicals formed in the body, for example Angelica pancicii , Achillea grandifolia, Artemisia absinthium, and Salvia officinalis [ 44 ]. In the present study, the crude extract (IC 50 = 95.29 ± 1.06 µg/mL), chloroform (IC 50 = 75.02 ± 0.91 µg/mL), and ethyl acetate (IC 50 = 88.71 ± 0.87 µg/mL) fractions have been found to be a potential scavenger of the DPPH free radical.…”

Phytochemical Investigation and Antimicrobial Potential of Medicinal Plant Nepeta distans Royle ex Benth

“…Screening the crude extract for phytochemical analysis is an imperative means for finding the secondary metabolites that exist in the medicinal plant because these phytochemicals are counted responsible for therapeutic application. ese phytochemicals responsible for that it has been reported that saponins are among the most important compounds responsible for antidiabetic, antispasmodic, antitumor, anthelmintic, antimicrobial, phytotoxic, cytotoxic, and antioxidant potential [38].…”

Anatomical Characterization, HPLC Analysis, and Biological Activities of Ilex dipyrena

“…The crude ethanolic extract of Ilex dipyrena has also been shown to have antimicrobial property [ 15 ]. Furthermore, our previous work demonstrated that the leaf, bark, and fruit extracts of this plant have analgesic and antioxidant activities [ 16 , 17 ].…”

“…In spite of the fact that we have published two papers on other aspects of the same plant [ 16 , 17 ], the anatomical characterization and HPLC analysis of this plant have remained unexplored. Furthermore, not enough information is available in the literature about the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential of this plant.…”