Phytochemical and Dietary Fiber Components in Barley Varieties in the HEALTHGRAIN Diversity Screen

Abstract

Ten different barley varieties grown in one location were studied for their content of tocols, folate, plant sterols, alkylresorcinols, and phenolic acids, as well as dietary fiber components (arabinoxylan and beta-glucan). The samples included hulled and hull-less barley types and types with normal, high-amylose, and waxy starch. The aim was to study the composition of raw materials, and therefore the hulls were not removed from the hulled barleys. A large variation was observed in the contents of all phytochemicals and dietary fibers. Two varieties from the INRA Clermont Ferrand barley program in France (CFL93-149 and CFL98-398) had high content of tocopherols and alkylresorcinols, whereas the variety Dicktoo was highest in dietary fiber content and phenolics. Positive correlations were found between 1000 kernel weight, alkylresorcinols, and tocols, as well as between dietary fiber content and phenolic compounds. The results demonstrate that the levels of phytochemicals in barley can likely be affected by breeding and that the contents of single phytochemicals may easily be adjusted by a right selection of a genotype.

Hulless Barley – A Rediscovered Source for Functional Foods Phytochemical Profile and Soluble Dietary Fibre Content in Naked Barley Varieties and Their Antioxidant Properties

“…More precisely, waxy barley cultivars possess higher levels of water and acid extractable β-glucans than regular barleys (Ajithkumar et al, 2005;Izydorczyk et al, 2000). Our results are consistent with previously published studies (Andersson et al, 2008;Gao et al, 2009). …”

“…With that wide range, barley genotypes are between the ranges of wheat and rye. Holtekjølen et al (2006) found generally higher values for hulless genotypes and this observation was later on confirmed within the HEALTHGRAIN diversity screen (Andersson et al, 2008). Water-extractable pentosanes (we-PENT) were a minor constituent ranging from 0.1% (Taiga) to 1.1% (Purple Nudum).…”

“…Furthermore, lutein and zeaxanthin possibly act together with other bioactive compounds against cancer, cardiovascular risk and other diseases (Wahlqvist & Wattanpenpiaboon, 1998;Mares-Perlman et al, 2002;Calvo, 2005). Vitamin E or tocopherols are also present in markedly concentrations (Cavallero et al, 2004;Andersson et al, 2008).…”

Variability of activity of vitamin E and its isomers in a barley grain.

“…α-, β+γ-, -tocopherols and α-, β+γ-, δ-tocotrienols that protect the caryopsis against oxidation during storage and germination [6,7,8,9,10], this is important for malt production. Peterson [8] claims that α-tocopherol isomer and a smaller amounts of γ-, δ-tocopherols and β-tocotrienols are contained in a caryopsis germ.…”

“…Je zajímavé, že právě v zrnu ječmene je zastoupeno všech osm izomerů vitamínu E, tj. α-, β+γ-, δ-tokoferoly a α-, β+γ-, δ-tokotrienoly, které chrání obilku před oxidací během skladování a klíčení [6,7,8,9,10], což je důležité pro výrobu sladu. Peterson [8] udává, že v klíčku obilky je obsažen izomer α-tokoferol a menší množství γ-, δ-tokoferolů a β-tokotrienolu.…”