Phytochemical and Pharmacological activities of Alpinia galangal: A review

Abstract

India is very well known for medicinal aromatic plants used for the treatment of various diseases which are day by day diminishing from the nature. Green plants represent a big source of bioactive compounds.(Linn.) of Alpinia galanga the Zingiberaceae family is one of those medicinally important plants. Many countries cultivate this plant, including Indonesia. This plant has numbers of benefits, ranging from being used as a food flavoring, which creates a distinctive aroma in cooking. Active compounds such as 1,8-cineol, -fenchyl acetate, β-farnesene, β-bisabolene, α-bergamotene, α β-pinene, and 1'-acetoxychavicol acetate from the plant. Among all the bioactive compounds, 1,8-Alpinia galanga cineol known as a marker compound in the Alpinia spp provides strong biological activity. This plant can also be used as a treatment for various diseases. The rhizome of the plant is used as a carminative, digestive tonic, anti-emetic, antifungal, anti-tumor, Anti-helmintic, anti-diuretic, anti-ulcerative, anti-dementia. The extract of rhizome shows antitubercular activity, hypothermia, bronchial catarrh, tonic, stomachic, and stimulant. It is also used as pungent, bitter, heating, stomachic, improve appetite, disease of heart, aphrodisiac tonic, expectorant, used in heal, ache, lumbago, rheumatic pains, chest pain, diabetes, burning of the liver, kidney disease, disinfectants. The rhizome is also used as an anti-microbial, anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, and flavoring agent. The seeds are used as cardiotonic, diuretic, hypotonic, gastric lesions, antiplatelet, anti-tumor, and anti-fungal. The tubers of this plant are used as carminative, irritant action, whooping cough in children, Bronchitis, anti-asthma, dyspepsia, fever, and diabetes mellitus.

Immunomodulatory effects and mechanisms of the extracts and secondary compounds of Zingiber and Alpinia species: a review

“…The rhizome is also commonly used as a spice. Flowers and young shoots are also consumed as vegetables or spices (Ramanunny et al, 2022;Verma and Sharma, 2022). Alpinia conchigera Griff.…”

“…Inner rhizome cuttings are distinguished by the presence of a black center surrounded by a larger and whiter layer on the outer rim. Galanga rhizomes have a strong aromatic odor and a spicy or pungent flavor ( Kaushik, 2011 ; Verma and Sharma, 2022 ). Galangal rhizomes come in pink and light-yellow colors.…”

“…Flowers are greenish white and densely bloom to 30 cm. The calyx is tubular and irregularly three-toothed ( Verma and Sharma, 2022 ). It prefers warm areas with abundant sunlight, but it can also grow in shrubs, forests, and open areas ( Ramanunny et al, 2022 ).…”