“…In the Rubiaceae, the organic polar and mid-polar extracts of Guettarda speciosa L., Hydnophytum formicarum Jack, Morinda citrifolia L., and Myrmecodia tuberosa Jack, and Guettarda speciosa L. are antibacterial and antifungal [ 82 , 225 , 226 , 227 , 228 ] ( Table S2 ) [ 81 , 162 , 229 , 230 , 231 ]. Plants in this family yield antimicrobial water soluble iridoid glycosides such as in loganic acid ( 67 ) from G. speciosa, which strongly repressed HCV [ 228 ], and asperuloside ( 68 ) from M. citrifolia ( Table S2 ) [ 77 , 91 , 93 , 220 , 232 , 233 , 234 ]. Other antimicrobial principles are caffeic acid derivatives including the antiviral 4,5-di- O -caffeoylquinic acid ( 69 ) [ 229 , 235 ] as well as 5 ,4′-dihydroxy-6,7,8,-trimethoxyflavone ( 70 ) in Gardenia lucida Roxb .…”