Phytochemical Antioxidants Modulate Mammalian Cellular Epigenome: Implications in Health and Disease

Abstract

The antioxidant or pro-oxidant actions and their involvement in the epigenome regulation by the phytochemical phenolic antioxidants should be at least established in the cellular models under normal and pathophysiological states. The current review discusses the mechanisms of modulation of the mammalian cellular epigenome by the phytochemical phenolic antioxidants with implications in human diseases.

Anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic activity of whole extract and isolated indicaxanthin from Opuntia ficus-indica associated with re-activation of the onco-suppressor p16INK4a gene in human colorectal carcinoma (Caco-2) cells

“…The discovery that phytochemicals may modulate the epigenome-regulated gene expression [33,34] has recently set new basis to understand their potential to prevent or revert malignant transformations. Alterations of DNA methylation pattern, with methylation at the 5 0 position of cytosines of specific sequences rich in cytosine-guanine dinucleotides (CpG islands), is the best known epigenetic modification in mammalian DNA and is commonly found in human cancers [35].…”

Therapeutic Insights against Oxidative Stress Induced Diabetic Nephropathy: A Review

“…In addition to the ROS scavenging properties, exogenous antioxidant molecules are also capable of modulating different gene expression to improve the oxidative stress induced DN [95- [98]. Reports suggest that the inhibitors of NOXs are very helpful in reducing the level of blood glucose and urinary protein content [99,100].…”

Indicaxanthin Dietetics: Past, Present, and Future

“…Differently from definite aberrations in the DNA sequences, epigenetic alterations are potentially reversible [106]. Numerous data pointing out to the influence of food components, especially redox-active phytochemicals, on epigenetic mechanisms emphasize the role of diet as an important environmental factor for maintaining a healthy status, and offer promising evidence for their eventual chemopreventive efficacy [110]. It may be worth noting that steady-state oxidation of cell proteins has been reported to be responsive to diet [111].…”