Phytochemical compositions and biochemical effect of Phyllanthus amarus in albino rat

Abstract

Phyllanthus amarus is a commonly known weed used for the traditional treatment of several aliment. In the present study, phytochemical screening and toxicological profile of methanol and aqueous extracts of P. amarus were investigated. Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analysis were carried out using standard procedures. Subacute toxicity was carried out by oral administration of the aqueous extract at 300 and 600ml/kg for 14days. Biochemical parameters including aspartate amino tranferases (AST), alanine amino transfereas, (ALT), alkaline phosphates (ALP) albumin, total protein and albumin were investigated. The results obtained showed the presence of alkaloids, phenols, tannin, flavonoids, saponins, glycosides and steroids in both extracts. Quantitatively, alkaloids (0.56±0.01 and 0.56±0.00 mg/g) were the most abundant phytochemical while phenol (0.09±0.01 and 0.07±0.01 mg/g) was the least abundant in both extracts. The concentrations of total proteins were significantly (p<0.05) lowered in rats dosed with 600 mg/kg bw of the extract when compared with the control rats. However, serum activities of ALT, AST, ALP and albumins were not significantly (p>0.05) altered when compared with the control values. Methanol and aqueous extracts of P. amarus contains important phytochemicals with therapeutic reputations. The extract was also found not to have adverse/toxic effect on liver integrity at doses of up-to 600 mg/kg bw in rats.

Hypolipidemic and Antioxidants Properties of Methanol Leaf Extract of Laportea aestuans on Androgen-Induced Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia in Wistar Rats

“…This shows that L. aestuans could be generally regarded as safe (GRAS). This finding is in agreement with Umar et al, (2019), who reported that any compound or drug with oral LD50 estimates greater than 1000 mg/kg body weight could be considered to be of low toxicity and safe.…”

Antifungal effects of two botanical extracts and honey on fungi associated with sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) seeds

“…and Fusarium spp. from producing toxic compounds such as aflatoxin and fumonisin respectively, without negative side effects [14] , Honey only, in combination with ethanolic leaf extracts of P. amarus and combination with ethanolic leaf extract of T. portulacastrum was found to be most effective inhibitor of the radial growth of the isolated phytopathogenic fungi of sunflower seeds. This result also further reaffirms the report by [25] , that in vitro and in-vivo tests of the application of honey only at high concentrations resulted in inhibition in the growth of many fungi species.…”

“…They were washed separately under running water to remove the dust and dirt, then air dried aseptically and pulverized separately to obtain individual fine powdered form. According to the methods of Karuna as reported by [14] , 10g each of the powdered samples of P. amarus and T. portulacastrum were extracted separately with 100 ml of ethanol using Soxhlet apparatus for 3 hours. Ethanol extract obtained for each leaf sample was filtered and evaporated in a rotatory evaporator at 65 °C respectively under reduced pressure.…”

Nutriphytochemical Profiling and Changes in Cardiovascular Risk Index in Malarial Infected Mice Treated with Ethanol Root Extract of Phyllanthus Amarus

“…We also confirmed the presence of high concentrations of glycoside, saponins, anthraquinones, phenols, trepenoid, flavonoids and steroids. Terpenoids have been reported to be the most prevalent phytochemical of the genus of Phyllanthus [26], but alkaloids are the most abundant in Phyllanthus amarus [18,27]. Saponins are said to have antioxidant properties [28].…”