Phytochemical Investigation and Antioxidant Activity of Globularia alypum L.

Abstract

The Moroccan flora is rich in medicinal plants that are commonly used in folk medicine for the treatment of various diseases. The present study was designed to investigate the total phenolic and flavonoid contents, as well as the antioxidant properties of leaves extracts from Globularia alypum L. colected from the Taza region in northeast Morocco. Additionally, the individual phenolics and volatiles of the extracts were also evaluated. The organic extracts of this plant were obtained by Soxhlet extraction using two different solvents, namely ethyl acetate and chloroform. The antioxidant capacity of leaves extracts was measured using DPPH, ABTS and FRAP assays; the phenolic profile was determined by HPLC-DAD/ESI-MS analysis, whereas the volatile composition was elucidated by GC-MS. The ethyl acetate extract analysis showed a total of 20 phenolic compounds and the determination of phenolic contents showed a significant value of 56.5 ± 0.61 µg GAE/mg of extract in comparison with the chloroform extract (18.9 ± 0.48 µg GAE/mg of extract). Also, the determination of the flavonoid contents revealed that the ethyl acetate extract contained the highest value (30.2 ± 0.55 µg CE/mg of extract) in comparison with the chloroform extract (18.0 ± 0.36 µg CE/mg of extract). Concerning the antioxidant properties, interesting values were attained for the ethyl acetate extract which exhibited higher antioxidant activity, namely IC50 = 12.3 ± 3.83 µg/mL and IC50 = 37.0 ± 2.45 µg/mL for the DPPH and ABTS assays, respectively, whereas a value of 531.1 ± 17.08 (mg AAE/g DW) was obtained for the FRAP assay. Concerning the volatile profile, a total of 73 compounds were positively detected and among them n-hexadecanoic acid (13.5%) was the most abundant one. The results achieved confirm the important role of this plant as a source of natural antioxidants.

Metabolomics-Based Profiling of Clerodendrum speciosum (Lamiaceae) Leaves Using LC/ESI/MS-MS and In Vivo Evaluation of Its Antioxidant Activity Using Caenorhabditis elegans Model

“…Besides, phenolic acids, flavonoids and iridoids were also present. These compounds were identified as quinic acid derivative (1) [ 30 ], serratoside A (2) [ 31 , 32 ], fuhsioside (3) [ 33 ], calceolarioside C (4) [ 34 ], verbascoside (5) [ 35 ], tiliroside (6) [ 36 ], rhamnazin-3 O -rutinoside (7) [ 35 ], quercetin methyl galloyl-hexoside (8) [ 37 ], rosmarinic acid (9) [ 35 ], scroside B ( 10 ) [ 38 ], 2′,4″-diacetyl leucosceptoside (11) [ 39 ], acacetin 7- O -β- d -hexosyl-(1 → 2) [α- l -rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 6)]-β- d -hexoside (12) [ 40 ], tubuloside E (13) [ 41 ], coumaric acid derivative (14) [ 42 ], 3-hydroxy-12-oleanene-28,29-dioic acid-3- O -α-L-pentosyl, 28- O - β - D -hexosyl ester (15) [ 43 ], and methyl ligstroside aglycones (16) [ 37 ]. A scheme showing most of the phytoconstituents tentatively identified in the total methanol extract of C. speciosum leaves using HPLC-ESI-MS/MS in the negative ion mode is illustrated in Figure 4 .…”

Phytochemical Profile, Antioxidant Capacity, α-Amylase and α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Potential of Wild Moroccan Inula viscosa (L.) Aiton Leaves

“…The results of this study clearly indicate that the TPC and TFC of I. viscosa crude extracts vary according to the solvent extraction procedure and plant origin [ 24 ]. Additionally, numerous studies have shown the antioxidant capacity of plants to constructively correlate with TPC and TFC [ 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ]. Phenolic acids and flavonoids are better extracted with hydrophilic solvents, whereas less hydrophilic ones such as chloroform may extract more lipophilic components such as triterpenoids that preferentially inhibits 5-lipoxygenase activity [ 29 ].…”

Anatomical Characterization, HPLC Analysis, and Biological Activities of Ilex dipyrena

“…After centrifugation of the mixture for 10 min at 3000 rpm, 2.5 mL were collected from the upper layer, mixed with 2.5 mL of distilled water, and 0.5 mL of FeCl 3 (0.1%) and the absorbance was measured at 700 nm using a spectrophotometer. Tocopherol was used as a standard [ 24 ].…”