Phytochemical investigation and phytosynthesis of eco-friendly stable bioactive gold and silver nanoparticles using petal extract of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) and study of their antimicrobial activities

Abstract

In this study, aqueous extract of saffron petal was used to synthesize gold nanoparticles (GNPs) and silver nanoparticles (SNPs). The antioxidant activity, phenol, flavonoids, anthocyanin, and carotenoids were measured in methanol, ethanol, and water extracts to assess the reducing potential. After extracting, for the phytosynthesis of GNPs and SNPs, the extract was added to the solutions of gold (III) and silver nitrate at a concentration of 1 mM. The effective parameters for the synthesis, i.e., pH of reaction solution, extract volume, metal ion concentration, and reaction time, were optimized by UV-Vis spectroscopy technique, and the nanoparticles (NPs) were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Antimicrobial activities of extracts, GNPs, and SNPs were investigated against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Aspergillus, and Candida albicans. The results shown that the aqueous extract although exhibiting less antioxidant activity than other extracts, but have a high potential for reducing and stabilizing of metal ions to synthesis NPs. In addition, the NPs had a uniform spherical shape with an average of 17-22 nm for GNPs and 10-14 nm for SNPs. These sizes are useful for inhibiting many bacteria, so that according to the results of this study, phytosynthesized nanoparticles could inhibit all bacteria that had used, and this inhibitory effect on SNPs was greater than GNPs. According to the results of this study, plants are high potential for the synthesis of metal NPs, which can be used as an antibiotic to inhibit many pathogenic bacteria and fungi.

Preparation of silver nanoparticles by Osbeckia stellata aqueous extract via green synthesis approach: Characterization and assessment of their antioxidant, antidiabetic, cytotoxicity, and antibacterial properties

“…3200–3600 cm −1 peaks are associated with the OH (hydroxyl) and –NH 2 (amine) stretching vibrations in the sample of extract. The frequencies of vibration of 3441 and 3484 cm −1 of plant extract and Ag NPs confirmed the occurrence of a hydroxyl group, corresponding to phenolic compounds 21 . The peaks at 2918 and 2850 cm −1 of extract and 2931 and 2852 cm −1 of Ag NPs were assigned to the presence of C–H stretching of the methyl groups 22 .…”

“…The frequencies of vibration of 3441 and 3484 cm −1 of plant extract and Ag NPs confirmed the occurrence of a hydroxyl group, corresponding to phenolic compounds. 21 The peaks at 2918 and 2850 cm −1 of extract and 2931 and 2852 cm −1 of Ag NPs were assigned to the presence of C-H stretching of the methyl groups. 22 The vibration at 1738 and 1605 cm −1 of extract and 1735 and 1640 cm −1 of Ag NPs confirmed the presence of C=O stretching, corresponding to the carboxyl group.…”

Co-electrospun PCL-collagen nanofibers containing saffron-synthesized gold nanoparticles as an antioxidant wound dressing

“…The findings also showed that excellent antioxidant properties of saffron was increased in the presence of GNPs. 32,47,48 Morphology and diameter of electrospun nanofibers SEM images were obtained from the surface of electrospun nanofibers having various GNP-EXT concentrations (100, 200, and 300 ppm). According to the Figure 6, randomly-oriented smooth bead-less electrospun nanofibers were obtained.…”

Green Synthesis of Nanoparticles and Their Biomedical Applications: A Review

“…According to reports, the reaction’s pH value has no major impact on the NP shape but does have a significant impact on their size. , Size of the particles, shape, particle interaction, and refractive index all have an effect on the optical absorption spectra of metallic NPs. The antibacterial activities of leaf extract, produced NPs, and AgNO 3 against various bacterial and fungal strains was investigated.…”