Phytochemical, Pharmacological and Toxicological Properties of Ficus deltoidea: A Review of a Recent Research

Ramamurthy, Srinivasan; Chidambaram, Kumarappan; Dharmalingam, Senthil Rajan; Sangeh, Jaswin Kaur

doi:10.9734/arrb/2014/8281

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Despite this plant species having many important applications traditionally, only few studies have been conducted to explore its potential pharmacological properties. Some reported that flavonoids are one of the phytochemical compounds that can be found in abundance in F. deltoidea which includes gallocatechin, epigallocatechin, catechin, gallic acids, ellagic acids, luteolin-8-C-glucoside, 4- p -coumaroylquinic acid, orientin, vitexin, isovitexin, rutin, quercetin, and naringenin ( Bunawan et al, 2014 ; Ramamurthy et al, 2014 ). The presence of these phytochemicals gives its yellow pigmentation, and many studies established that any herbs containing flavonoids could have the ability to acts as anti inflammatory, anti allergy, anti cancer and anti microbial agents, thus explaining how the plant is able to protect itself from the damaging acts of insects and microorganism ( Abdullah et al, 2009 ; Uyub et al, 2010 ; Akhir et al, 2011 ; Zakaria et al, 2012 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro Pro-apoptotic and Anti-migratory Effects of Ficus deltoidea L. Plant Extracts on the Human Prostate Cancer Cell Lines PC3

Hanafi¹,

Afzan

Yaakob

et al. 2017

Front. Pharmacol.

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This study aims to evaluate the in vitro cytotoxic and anti-migratory effects of Ficus deltoidea L. on prostate cancer cells, identify the active compound/s and characterize their mechanism of actions. Two farmed varieties were studied, var. angustifolia (FD1) and var. deltoidea (FD2). Their crude methanolic extracts were partitioned into n-hexane (FD1h, FD2h) chloroform (FD1c, FD2c) and aqueous extracts (FD1a, FD2a). Antiproliferative fractions (IC50 < 30 μg/mL, SRB staining of PC3 cells) were further fractionated. Active compound/s were dereplicated using spectroscopic methods. In vitro mechanistic studies on PC3 and/or LNCaP cells included: annexin V-FITC staining, MMP depolarization measurements, activity of caspases 3 and 7, nuclear DNA fragmentation and cell cycle analysis, modulation of Bax, Bcl-2, Smac/Diablo, and Alox-5 mRNA gene expression by RT-PCR. Effects of cytotoxic fractions on 2D migration and 3D invasion were tested by exclusion assays and modified Boyden chamber, respectively. Their mechanisms of action on these tests were further studied by measuring the expression VEGF-A, CXCR4, and CXCL12 in PC3 cells by RT-PCR. FD1c and FD2c extracts induced cell death (P < 0.05) via apoptosis as evidenced by nuclear DNA fragmentation. This was accompanied by an increase in MMP depolarization (P < 0.05), activation of caspases 3 and 7 (P < 0.05) in both PC3 and LNCaP cell lines. All active plant extracts up-regulated Bax and Smac/DIABLO, down-regulated Bcl-2 (P < 0.05). Both FD1c and FD2c were not cytotoxic against normal human fibroblast cells (HDFa) at the tested concentrations. Both plant extracts inhibited both migration and invasion of PC3 cells (P < 0.05). These effects were accompanied by down-regulation of both VEGF-A and CXCL-12 gene expressions (P < 0.001). LC–MS dereplication using taxonomy filters and molecular networking databases identified isovitexin in FD1c; and oleanolic acid, moretenol, betulin, lupenone, and lupeol in FD2c. In conclusion, FD1c and FD2c were able to overcome three main hallmarks of cancer in PC3 cells: (1) apoptosis by activating of the intrinsic pathway, (2) inhibition of both migration and invasion by modulating the CXCL12-CXCR4 axis, and (3) inhibiting angiogenesis by modulating VEGF-A expression. Moreover, isovitexin is here reported for the first time as an antiproliferative principle (IC50 = 43 μg/mL, SRB staining of PC3 cells).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro Pro-apoptotic and Anti-migratory Effects of Ficus deltoidea L. Plant Extracts on the Human Prostate Cancer Cell Lines PC3

Hanafi¹,

Afzan

Yaakob

et al. 2017

Front. Pharmacol.

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“…In this study conducted by Ramamurthy, Srinivasan, et.al antioxidant effects of Ficus Deltoidea was determined using three different extract which is methanol extract, hexane extract and chloroform extract and two different methods such as ferric thiocyanate (FTC) and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) method. It was concluded that hexane extract recorded the highest antioxidant effect (259.2 mg/g) followed by methanol (245.2 mg/g) and lastly chloroform extract (159.2 mg/g) and the fruit of FDL has exhibit good source of antioxidant [31].…”

Section: Anti-inflammatory and Anti-oxidant Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive Review on Ficus Deltoidea Effervescent Mouthwash Formulation in Treating Oral Pathogens

Chitalia¹,

Senthil²,

Jun³

et al. 2021

IJHMS

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Ficus deltoidea or its well-known local name Mas Cotek belongs to the family of Moracaeae. This native plant is commonly found in Malaysia, other tropical and subtropical countries. Oral periodontal disease is an alarming disease and the utilization of herbal plants in treating oral pathogens has raised attention and concern. Therefore the main objective of this study was to review the effectiveness of effervescent mouthwash formulation of the FDL on treating oral pathogens. Plaque accumulation and oral microorganisms are the main predisposing factors to oral periodontal diseases. Herbal mouthwash has been of particular interest these days to treat oral pathogens. Different effervescent agents such as citric acid, tartaric acid, and sodium bicarbonate were used in formulating effervescent mouthwash by different methods with varying concentrations. FDL leaves have claimed to possess different properties such as antioxidant, anti-diabetic, and anti-inflammatory properties which are helpful in treating many diseases. Post compression parameters such as effervescent time, moisture content, and in vitro antibacterial test were reviewed in this study. FDL has shown a strong correlation to the presence of high content of polyphenols, flavonoids, saponin, tannins, and triterpenoids. In conclusion, the type of preparation choosen is by using wet granulation method and the suitable ratio is 2:1.

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“…In Malay traditional medicine, concoction of its leaves was used as an anti-diabetic remedy as well as boost blood circulation, regain energy and improve sexual function [12]. Chemical constituents of FD were determined to be from three major groups; phenylisopropanoid (coumaric acid, caffeic acid and ferulic acid), phenolic compounds (vitexin, isovitexin, catechins, naringin, flavones, anthocyanins and proanthocyanins) and tannins (gallic acid and ellagic acid) [13,14]. Vitexin and isovitexin are two active compounds isolated from FD; they have been reported to significantly lower the levels of postprandial blood glucose of normoglycaemic mice and diabetic rats [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ficus deltoidea suppresses endothelial activation, inflammation, monocytes adhesion and oxidative stress via NF-κB and eNOS pathways in stimulated human coronary artery endothelial cells

Ariff

Bakar

Muid

et al. 2020

BMC Complement Med Ther

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Background: Ficus deltoidea (FD) has been shown to have antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive and antioxidant properties. However, its effects on key events in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis are unknown. Aim: To investigate the endothelial activation, inflammation, monocyte-endothelial cell binding and oxidative stress effects of four FD varieties. Methods: Human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAEC) were incubated with different concentrations of aqueous ethanolic extracts of FD var. trengganuensis (FDT), var. kunstleri (FDK), var. deltoidea (FDD) and var. intermedia (FDI), together with LPS. Protein and gene expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), endothelial-leukocyte adhesion molecule-1 (E-selectin), interleukin-6 (IL-6), Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p50 and p65 and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) were measured using ELISA and QuantiGene plex, respectively. Adhesion of monocyte to HCAEC and formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were detected by Rose Bengal staining and 2′-7′-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) assay. Results: FDK exhibited the highest inhibition of biomarkers in relation to endothelial activation and inflammation, second in reducing monocyte binding (17.3%) compared to other varieties. FDK (25.6%) was also the most potent at decreasing ROS production. Conclusion: FD has anti-atherogenic effects, possibly mediated by NF-κB and eNOS pathways; with FDK being the most potent variety. It is potentially beneficial in mitigating atherogenesis.

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Phytochemical, Pharmacological and Toxicological Properties of Ficus deltoidea: A Review of a Recent Research

Cited by 13 publications

References 21 publications

In Vitro Pro-apoptotic and Anti-migratory Effects of Ficus deltoidea L. Plant Extracts on the Human Prostate Cancer Cell Lines PC3

In Vitro Pro-apoptotic and Anti-migratory Effects of Ficus deltoidea L. Plant Extracts on the Human Prostate Cancer Cell Lines PC3

Comprehensive Review on Ficus Deltoidea Effervescent Mouthwash Formulation in Treating Oral Pathogens

Ficus deltoidea suppresses endothelial activation, inflammation, monocytes adhesion and oxidative stress via NF-κB and eNOS pathways in stimulated human coronary artery endothelial cells

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