Phytochemical Profile and Bioactivity of Industrial Rapeseed Meal Ethanol-Wash Solutes

Preliminary Characterisation of Wastes Generated from the Rapeseed and Sunflower Protein Isolation Process and Their Valorisation in Delaying Oil Oxidation

“…Another option to separate these compounds is by the aqueous solution extraction, ethanol being recognised as an accurate solvent because of their capacity to extract phenols and other antinutrients such as glucosinolates (Adem et al, 2014) while increasing the protein level (Kalaydzhiev et al, 2020a, b). The residues generated after the meals pre-treatment step of proteins recovery has exhibited remaining bioactivity, at least in the case of rapeseed (Georgiev et al, 2021), demonstrating an initial potential to valorise these wastes and to turn them into useful commercial products.…”

“…The rapeseed and sunflower EWS were obtained following the steps reported previously (Georgiev et al, 2021), and shown in Fig. 1.…”

“…Figure 2 shows that both EWS (0.2 g) were solubilised in 10 mL of 70% v/v ethanol (Georgiev et al, 2021), mixed for 30 min using an orbital shaker at room temperature and then centrifuged for 5 min at 9500 gravitational force (g) at 4 °C (Hettich Zentrifugen, MOD: Universal 320R, Germany). Then, the supernatant (ethanolic extract) from both samples was filtered using a Whatman paper No 1 and the volume was measured.…”

“…On the basis of these considerations, a previous washing of the meals with acetone, sodium phosphate, and ethanol is carried out in order to remove soluble non-protein components (Kalaydzhiev et al, 2020a, b;Li et al, 2017). Among all these solvents, the use of ethanol has been previously reported as a step to recover bioactive compounds from wastes and by-products meals, and it is an authorised solvent used within the food industry (Georgiev et al, 2021;Klinchongkon et al, 2019). The obtaining ethanol-wash solutes (EWS) contain phenolic compounds and flavonoids that could be useful and revalorised within the food industry (Gandova et al, 2021;Georgiev et al, 2021).…”

“…Among all these solvents, the use of ethanol has been previously reported as a step to recover bioactive compounds from wastes and by-products meals, and it is an authorised solvent used within the food industry (Georgiev et al, 2021;Klinchongkon et al, 2019). The obtaining ethanol-wash solutes (EWS) contain phenolic compounds and flavonoids that could be useful and revalorised within the food industry (Gandova et al, 2021;Georgiev et al, 2021). This exploitation would be in agreement with previous research regarding the valorisation of several food wastes and by-products as a potential source of bioactive compounds (Sun-Waterhouse et al, 2013a, b;Wang 2020).…”