Phytochemical profile, Antioxidant, Enzyme inhibitory and acute toxicity activity of Astragalus bruguieri

Abstract

The medicinal plants (Astragalus species) have been used traditionally as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and Anti-diabetics. The current research investigates the phytochemistry and some biological activity of methanol extract of different parts of Astragalus bruguieri Bioss., a wild medicinal plant grows on Safeen mountain, Erbil, Iraq. The methanol extracts of A. bruguieri were analyzed for total phenolic, flavonoid, and saponin contents. In-vitro antioxidant activity was analyzed by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assays. Furthermore, the plant extracts were examined for in-vitro enzyme inhibitory activity and in-vivo sub-acute toxicity. The results have shown the highest total phenolic (28.83, 20.62 mg GAEs/g extracts) contents, in the leave and root extracts, respectively. While the highest total Flavonoid (50.08, 44.01 mg REs/g) contents, were found in the extracts of aerial parts and leaves, respectively. The total saponin was higher (25.33, 23.18 mg GAEs/g extracts) in the roots and aerial parts, respectively. In-vitro antioxidant measurement by (DPPH) assay showed leaves as superior part in this activity (42.19mg TEs/g extract), while antioxidant evaluation by (ABTS) assay indicated roots as the most active part (86.90mg TEs/g extract). The α-glucosidase and αamylase inhibitory activity were found as 0.45-0.67, and 1.2-1.8 mmol ACAEs/g, respectively. The oral acute toxicity test indicated the safety of 600mg/kg dosage of different parts of A. bruguieri on albino rats without behavioral abnormality or mortality. The current study is considered as the first report on the A. bruguieri as a possible new source of biocompatible material for many industrial products.

Gastroprotective effects of Polygonatum odoratum in rodents by regulation of apoptotic proteins and inflammatory cytokines

“…Natural products and phytochemicals could benefit or harm human health. Similarly, synthetic drugs could be curative at a certain dosage and hazardous at another dosage ( Jabbar et al, 2022a , Jabbar et al, 2022b , Jabbar et al, 2022c , Jabbar et al, 2022d , Windolf et al, 2022 ). Therefore, to avoid toxicity and find suitable safe dosages of plant products, some quality tests were performed on herbs before they become available for consumers.…”

“…Oxidative stress is a well-known causative of inflammation that results from an imbalance in the formation and excretion of ROS (free radicals), thereby decreasing gastric antioxidants (antiradical enzymes) ( Jabbar et al, 2022a , Jabbar et al, 2022b , Jabbar et al, 2022c , Jabbar et al, 2022d ). Antioxidants including phase 2 enzymes and genes responsible for cell protection (NQO1 and HO-1), were stimulated by Nrf2, known as an effective bio-factor in the reduction of pro-inflammatory and free radical compounds ( Liu et al, 2022 ).…”

“…After 1 h, all rats (except normal control) received alcohol (100% intensity, 5 ml/kg) by oral gavage to induce peptic ulcer. After another hour, rats were given a high dose of ketamine & xylazine, sacrificed, and blood samples were taken by an intracardial perforation for the biochemical investigation ( Jabbar et al, 2022a , Jabbar et al, 2022b , Jabbar et al, 2022c , Jabbar et al, 2022d ).…”

“…The obtained samples were also analyzed to determine the inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10) by using an ELISA kit (Elabscience, Wuhan, China) based on the producer’s instructions. Estimation of the cytokine strength was performed by utilizing the recombinant sanitized cytokines ( Jabbar et al, 2022a , Jabbar et al, 2022b , Jabbar et al, 2022c , Jabbar et al, 2022d ).…”

Exploring Sorbus torminalis Leaves: Unveiling a Promising Natural Resource for Diverse Chemical and Biological Applications

“…[51] Inhibiting these enzymes may help manage blood sugar levels after a high-carbohydrate diet. [52] As a result, safe and effective enzyme inhibitiors have gained the interest of pharmaceutical and medical researchers. In light of this knowledge, the acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), α-amylase, α -glucosidase, and tyrosinase enzyme inhibitory activities of Sorbus torminalis leaf extracts were assessed and the results are displayed in Figure 5.…”