Phytochemical Profiling of Balinese Alkaloid-Source Plant Purnajiwa (Kopsia arborea Blume. and Euchresta horsfieldii (Lesch.) Benn.)

Abstract

The latest study confirmed two different taxonomies of Purnajiwa, namely K. arborea and E. horsfieldii, indicating that two different plants are known as Purnajiwa. 4 Research on K. arborea obtained from Denpasar has been conducted to identify the content of its phytochemical compounds, antioxidants and aphrodisiac activities and ascertain its genomic and taxonomic profile. [4][5][6][7][8] Kopsia arborea Blume is a species in the Kopsia (family Apocynaceae) genus. The genus Kopsia consists of about 30 species distributed in several countries, mainly Asia, China, Australia, and some islands in the Western Pacific. Kopsia is a source of novel and bioactive alkaloids. Kopsia species generally contain indole alkaloids that are very potent and have broad bioactivity. 2,9,10 Alkaloidal compounds in Kopsia typically have unusual skeletons with significant bioactivities. 11 Several studies were conducted to isolate and synthesize indole alkaloids from Kopsia. 10,[12][13][14] Kopsia arborea from Yunnan Province, China, was identified to contain three new types of monoterpenoid indole alkaloids, namely kopsiarborines A-C, strychnos, and methyl chanofruticosinatetype monoterpenoid indole alkaloids which are unusual. Andranginine and kopsiyunnanines A-M were also identified in Kopsia arborea from Yunnan Province, China. 9,12 Kopsia arborea from China was known to contain several alkaloidal compounds, such as nitaphyllin, tenuiphylline, kopsiyunnanine A, and kopsiyunnanine. At the same time, the species from Malaysia was also identified to contain new bisindole alkaloid compounds, namely arbolodinines A-C. 10 Kopsia arborea Blume grows in several regions in Indonesia, such as Java, Bali, and Sulawesi. Identification of phytochemical compounds in Kopsia arborea Blume obtained from Sulawesi showed the presence of flavonoids, saponins, tannins, alkaloids, and steroids. No further research has been conducted on Kopsia arborea Blume species from Indonesia. In Bali, this plant is empirically used to improve sexual function. However, there have been very few studies on the effects or activity of the compound.