Phytochemical screening and antibacterial activity of Aspilia africana on some gastrointestinal tract pathogens

Inflammatory diseases are major health concerns affecting millions of people worldwide. Aspilia africana has been used for centuries by many African communities in the treatment of a wide range of health conditions, including inflammatory diseases, osteoporosis, rheumatic pains, and wounds. Analysis of the phytochemical composition of A. africana indicated that the plant is rich in a broad range of secondary metabolites, including flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, terpenoids, sterols, phenolic compounds, and glycosides. This explains the efficacy of the plant in treating inflammation-related diseases, as well as several other health conditions affecting different African communities. The mechanisms of action of the anti-inflammatory phytochemical compounds in A. africana include inhibition of a number of physiological processes involved in the inflammatory process and synthesis or action of proinflammatory enzymes. The phytochemicals enhance anti-inflammatory biological responses such as inhibition of a number of chemical mediators including histamine, prostanoids and kinins, 5-lipoxygenase. and cyclooxygenase and activation of phosphodiesterase and transcriptase. Currently used anti-inflammatory medications are associated with several disadvantages such as drug toxicity and iatrogenic reactions, thereby complicating the treatment process. The adverse effects related to the use of these conventional synthetic drugs have been the driving force behind consideration of natural remedies, and efforts are being made toward the development of anti-inflammatory agents based on natural extracts. A. africana is rich in secondary metabolites, and its use as a traditional medicine for treating inflammatory diseases has been validated through in vitro and in vivo studies. Therefore, the plant could be further explored for potential development of novel anti-inflammatory therapeutics.

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Aspilia africana (Pers.) C.D. Adams and Manihot esculenta Crantz Exhibit Antibacterial Activity against Resistant Salmonella typhi Strains

Agyen,

Boakye,

Agana

et al. 2024

Scientifica

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Typhoid fever, caused by Salmonella typhi, has plagued underdeveloped countries for many years. Recently, there has been a surge in S. typhi strains identified to be multidrug‐resistant in endemic areas. Aspilia africana and Manihot esculenta have been reported to exhibit activity against S. typhi; however, this study aimed to investigate the effect of A. africana and M. esculenta against resistance strains of S. typhi. The leaves of the plants were extracted using distilled water (hot (AQH) and cold (AQC)), methanol (MET), ethyl acetate, and petroleum ether. The extracts were screened in vitro for anti‐Salmonella effects against fourteen S. typhi isolates (five multidrug‐resistant (MDRST), five ciprofloxacin‐resistant (CRST), three nalidixic acid‐resistant (NARST), and one sensitive isolate (SS)) using agar well diffusion and microbroth dilution methods. Phytochemical screening showed the presence of tannins, saponins, glycosides, and flavonoids in all polar solvent extracts. Alkaloids were found in all extracts, while triterpenoids were present in all except the aqueous extracts. The AQC of A. africana had the best inhibitory effect on the MDRST and NARST with diameter zones of inhibitions (DZOIs) of 40.0 ± 2.08 mm and 34.0 ± 3.22 mm, respectively. Methanol extract of A. africana had the best inhibitory effect on CRST and SS with DZOIs of 34.0 ± 2.08 and 43.0 ± 3.06 mm, respectively. The AQC and AQH of A. africana and AQH of M. esculenta produced the best MICs and MBCs of 2.5 and 5.0 mg/mL against the MDRST. There was no significant difference in ZOIs of the different solvent extracts against test organisms at p < 0.05. Gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry analysis of the extracts showed compounds such as n‐hexadecanoic acid, 9,12,15‐octadecatrienoic acid (9.55%), and 2H‐benzo[F]oxireno[2,3‐E]benzofuran‐8(9H)‐one in the A. Africana extracts and D‐mannose, 3‐nitrophenyl, methanol acetate (ester), and 9‐octadecenamide in the M. esculenta extracts. The leaves of M. esculenta and A. Africana are effective against multidrug‐resistant Salmonella isolates.

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Phytochemical screening and antibacterial activity of Aspilia africana on some gastrointestinal tract pathogens

Cited by 3 publications

References 14 publications

Antimicrobial activities of Hibiscus sabdariffa and Aspilia africana against clinical isolates of Salmonella typhi

Antimicrobial activities of Hibiscus sabdariffa and Aspilia africana against clinical isolates of Salmonella typhi

Ethnopharmacological Potential of Aspilia africana for the Treatment of Inflammatory Diseases

Aspilia africana (Pers.) C.D. Adams and Manihot esculenta Crantz Exhibit Antibacterial Activity against Resistant Salmonella typhi Strains

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