Phytochemical Screening and Biological Studies of Boerhavia Diffusa Linn

Abstract

Hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of whole plant of Boerhavia diffusa were screened for phytochemical and biological activities. Qualitative phytochemical screening via colorimetric method and the quantitative estimation of phenolic and flavonoid content were performed. Antioxidant assay using DPPH scavenging method was studied. Antimicrobial screening of plant extracts was done by cup diffusion technique. Cytotoxic activity of B. diffusa was studied by brine shrimp bioassay and anthelminthic activity was evaluated in vitro in Pheretima posthuma. This study revealed B. diffusa as a source of various phyto-constituents such as alkaloids, glycosides, saponins, tannins, carbohydrates, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids and terpenoids. Quantitative estimation of total phenol was found to be maximum in BEE i.e. 29.73±0.88, BME 19.8±2.02 and in BHE 9.15±0.304 mgGAE/g. Similarly, the total flavonoid content was found to be 17.44±0.75 in BEE, 14.43±0.23 in BHE and 3.678 mg QE/g in BME. Ethyl acetate extract showed its antibacterial activity against all tested pathogens except Escherichia coli whereas Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella Typhi were resistant to methanol and hexane extract. The zone of inhibition (ZOI) of ethyl acetate extract against S. Typhi and B. cereus was found to be 18 mm and 14 mm respectively. The MIC value of BEE in S. Typhi was 3.125 µg/ml and in B. cereus was 12.5 µg/ml. The preliminary screening of anticancer property of B. diffusa i.e. BSLT in methanol was found to be 165.19 µg/ml. B. diffusa was also found to contain anthelmintic property. The study helped in further exploration of medicinal properties of B. diffusa by phytochemical screening and biological activities paving the path for study and investigation in this plant.

Phytochemical analysis and high‐performance thin‐layer chromatography guided quantification of Boeravinone B from Boerhaavia diffusa root extracts: Assessment of in vitro safety analysis

“…The only appearance of phytosterols was seen in ethyl acetate extract, and all other constituents, that is, alkaloids, carbohydrates, saponins, flavonoids, and glycosides, are absent. The study was further corroborated by a literature search [33–37] that revealed the root part of the plant is rich in flavonoids and rotenoids (isoflavonoids) and considering its weak and moderately polar nature, mainly they get isolated in petroleum ether and ethyl acetate solvents. The results of various tests performed for various phytoconstituents are listed in Table 1.…”

CYTOTOXICITY AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF Boerhavia adscendens Willd.

“…The result indicates that the extract is moderately cytotoxic and hence connotes the presence of bioactive compounds (Suryawanshi et al, 2020). It also showed a higher cytotoxicity index compared to the LC50 (165.19 μg/mL) value for the methanolic extract of B. diffusa which is a specie in the genus (Gautam et al, 2016). Similarly Khalid et al (2011) also reported LC50 value of the n-hexane extract of B. diffusa as 140.55 μg/mL.…”

“…The median lethal concentration (LC50) was determined graphically. This represents the concentration that produced death in half of larvae population after 18-24 hr exposure (Gautam et al, 2016).…”