Phytochemical Screening and Evaluation of Antioxidant and Antibacterial Potential of Selected Species of Gentiana from Nepal Himalaya

Abstract

Various species of Gentiana find their use to treat various digestive and topical ailments in traditional medicine in Nepal. The present work reports the results of preliminary phytochemical analysis and biological activities of extracts of four different species of Gentiana (G. depressa, G.ornata, G. urnula, and G. capitata) from Nepal Himalaya. Furthermore, the study also reports a semi-quantitative estimation of major bioactive compounds in those extracts. The total flavonoid content was found to be highest (19.09±0.97mgQE/g) in methanol extracts of G. capitata and lowest (4.22±0.66 mgQE/g) in aqueous extracts of G. urnula. The highest amount (79.2±19.19 mgGAE/g) of total phenolic content was observed in methanolic extracts of G. depressa, while the lowest amount (37.11±2.18 mgGAE/g) was observed in aqueous extract of G. urnula. The methanol extract of G. depressa showed the best antioxidant activity among the Gentiana species tested. Extracts of all the species tested showed weak antibacterial activity even at the highest concentration of the extract. Semi-quantitative estimation showed that swertiamarin was in higher quantities than amarogentin and mangiferin. The highest concentration of swertiamarin and mangiferin (0.109±0.013 mg/g and 0.018±0.001 mg/g, respectively) was identified in G. ornata, while the highest concentration of amarogentin (0.075±0.005 mg/g) was observed in G. capitata. These results justify the folklore use of these species in traditional medicinal practices in Nepal.

Development in Digital Capitalism: Challenges and Prospects of Nepal

“…Secondly, there is a lack of trust and awareness among consumers regarding online transactions and data security. Concerns about privacy, cyber threats, and online fraud inhibit the adoption of digital platforms and e-commerce (Shakya, A., & Lamichhane, K., 2021). Building trust and raising awareness about digital security measures are crucial for encouraging consumer confidence and facilitating the growth of digital capitalism.…”

“…Additionally, the emergence of digital platforms in sectors like transportation, healthcare, and education demonstrates the potential for innovation and digital disruption in various industries (Gautam et al, 2020). The rising popularity of social media platforms and online marketplaces further signifies the growing acceptance and utilization of digital platforms among Nepalese consumers (Shakya & Lamichhane, 2021).…”

Quantitative Analysis of Swertiamarin Content from Fagraea fragrans Leaf Extract using HPLC Technique and its Correlation to Antibacterial Activity

“…and Enicostema species (Perumal et al, 2022;Pillai et al, 2020;Vishwakarma et al, 2004). Moreover, numerous plants containing swertiamarin as the main compound revealed the antimicrobial activity (Niroj et al, 2022). Therefore, this leads to the interest of seeking the new natural plant-based medicine to kill or inhibit bacteria infectious diseases from another plant species in Gentianaceae family.…”