Phytochemical study, toxicity and antimicrobial activity of Psidium myrsinites DC. (Myrtaceae) leaves

Abstract

Psidium myrsinites DC. is species known as "araçá", from the Cerrado (savanna) biome in Brazil. It is commonly used as a medicinal plant in the treatment of diarrhea because of its astringent properties. The aims of this study were to carry out phytochemical screening with an exploratory purpose; to investigate toxicity by brine shrimp (Artemia salina) lethality bioassay; and to evaluate antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration of the essential oil, acetonic and ethanolic crude extracts, and the fractions obtained with organic solvents of Psidium myrsinites DC. leaves. The phytochemical profile determined the major classes of secondary metabolites present as phenolic compounds (tannins, coumarins, flavonoids, anthraquinone glycosides and terpene compounds). The essential oil and hexane fraction demonstrated a level of strong and mild toxicity respectively, thus encouraging further research with isolated substances from them. The crude ethanolic and acetonic extracts, and hexane fractions, chloroform intermediary, ethyl acetate and aqueous fraction from crude acetonic extract showed the best inhibitory effect on bacterial growth of Gram-positive bacteria with minimum inhibitory concentrations ranging between 62.5 and 250 µg.mL -1 . However, the presence of secondary compounds such as tannins, flavonoids and terpenes is probably associated with the inhibitory effect on tested microorganisms, which could justify the medicinal use of the leaves of this species.

Monoterpenes and Sesquiterpenes of Essential Oils from Psidium Species and Their Biological Properties

“…Native from Brazil, it is also known as ‘araçá’, and the fruits are used in folk medicine for cauterization and to treat diarrhea due to its astringent properties [ 28 , 88 ].…”

“…Profile I from Goiás (Midwest Brazil) showed E -caryophyllene (31.0%), α-humulene (12.3%), and caryophyllene oxide (7.3%) as the major constituents [ 88 ]. Profile II from Maranhão (Northeast Brazil) was rich in E -caryophyllene (26.1%), 𝛼-humulene (23.9%), caryophyllene oxide (10.1%), humulene epoxide II (6.4%), and Caryophylla-4(12),8(13)-dien-5-β-ol (5.7%) [ 89 ].…”