Phytochemicals and antioxidant capacity of some tropical edible plants

Abstract

ObjectiveTo find biological functions such as antibacterial and antioxidant activities in several tropical plants and to investigate the possibility of antibiotic substitute agents to prevent and treat diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria.MethodsPlants such as Poncirus trifoliata fruit (Makrut), Zingiber officinale Rosc (Khing), Areca catechu L. (Mak), Solanum melongena L. I (Makkhuayao), and Solanum melongena L. II (Makhurapro) were extracted by methanol, n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol and water. The free radical scavenging activities were measured using 2-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl photometric assay. Antibacterial activities with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) were observed by agar diffusion assay against pathogenic strains of Escherichia coli, Burkholderia sp., Haemopilus somnus, Haemopilus parasuis, Clostridium perfringens, and Pantoea agglomerans.ResultsPoncirus trifoliata fruit methanol extract showed antibacterial activities against gram-negative and gram-positive pathogens. Additionally, this showed the strongest antibacterial activity against Burkholderia sp. and Haemopilus somnus with MIC 131 μg/mL, respectively. Areca catechu L. water extract showed antibacterial activities against Burkholderia sp., Haemopilus somnus, and Haemopilus parasuis. The MIC value for Haemopilus parasuis was 105 μg/mL in this. Antioxidant activity of Zingiber officinale Rosc n-hexane extract showed 2.23 mg/mL effective concentration 50% (EC50) value was the highest activity among tropical plants extracts. Total polyphenol content in Zingiber officinale Rosc methanol extract was 48.4 μg/mL and flavonoid content was 22.1 μg/mL showed the highest values among tested plants extracts.ConclusionTaken together, these results suggest that tropical plants used in this study may have a potential benefit as an alternative antibiotics agent through their antibacterial and antioxidant activities.

Eggplant Fruit (Solanum melongena L.) and Bio-Residues as a Source of Nutrients, Bioactive Compounds, and Food Colorants, Using Innovative Food Technologies

“…Several studies [42,66,67] have been performed with the aim of studying the antioxidant potential (through in vitro tests) of different parts of eggplant and positive and promising results were observed.…”

“…Other authors [10,67] studied the antimicrobial action of S. melongena (fruits and/or leaves) and the results evidenced antibacterial and antifungal potential.…”

Fatty Acids from Hermetia illucens Larvae Fat Inhibit the Proliferation and Growth of Actual Phytopathogens

“…Soberón et al [68] declared that methanolic and the aqueous extract of Ligaria cuneifolia and Jodina rhombifolia leaf have the MICs ranging from 2.5 to 156 µg/mL and 5 mg/mL, respectively, against Xcc, while these extracts were bacteriostatic. Hong et al [69] found that phytochemicals extracted from Zingiber officinale rose have the MIC equal to 1.94 mg/mL against Pantoea agglomerans. In agreement with these data, the saturated and unsaturated fatty acids as major constituents of AWME from the H. illuscens larvae fat, possess the high antimicrobial effect against five important plant bacteria pathogens having MIC = 0.78 mg/mL, MBC = 0.78-1.56 mg/mL, and IC 50 = 366.8 ± 0.38-485.4 ± 0.4 mg/mL.…”

Effect of Feeding Lactating Ewes with Moringa oleifera Leaf Extract on Milk Yield, Milk Composition and Preweaning Performance of Ewe/Lamb Pair

“…Gallardo et al [ 44 ] evaluated the effect of supplementing linseed oil (3%) and natural or synthetic vitamin E in lactating Churra ewes with their lambs and observed that oil supplementation did not affect ADG, BW or LWW of suckling lambs. Under tropical and subtropical conditions, perhaps the best feeding strategy is to use extracts and byproducts from native plants [ 45 ]. In this context, even though the use of oils was reported to increase dietary energy density and improve lamb performance [ 44 ], the use of plant extracts may be an appropriate choice as they are available and easy to mix into diets.…”