Phytochemicals and biological activities of species from the genus Maytenus

Plants have long been considered as a basis of medicines for different indigenous cultures around the globe. They continue as a prominent source of important phytoconstituents which exhibit significant biological activities. In this study, we performed the phytochemical screening, estimation of total phenolic and flavonoids, antioxidants, and antimicrobial activities of the stem bark of Beilschmiedia roxburghiana Nees using different solvents. The total phenolic and total flavonoid contents ranged from 106.73 ± 1.62 mg GAE/g and 99.32 ± 0.66 mg QE/g (methanol extract) to 65.59 ± 1.79 mg GAE/g and 29.98 ± 0.90 mg QE/g (n-hexane extract), respectively. The maximum 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 39.86 ± 3.69 μg/mL was observed for methanol extract followed by aqueous (IC50 = 43.55 ± 6.16 μg/mL), ethyl acetate (IC50 = 44.30 ± 5.88 μg/mL), dichloromethane (IC50 = 71.50 ± 4.70 μg/mL), and the lowest activity was observed for n-hexane extract. The disc diffusion method revealed that the ethyl acetate extract exhibited relatively higher activity against Salmonella typhi (ZOI = 13 mm), and moderate activities against Shigella sonnei, Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Staphylococcus aureus (ZOI = 12 mm). The methanol and aqueous extracts showed nearly parallel and the n-hexane and dichloromethane extracts exhibited mild antibacterial activities. The results indicated that the polarity index of the extracting solvents amplified the biological activities of the extract. The study is helpful to support the validity of the traditional application of the plant as natural medicine.

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“…So, they have a substantial role in the development of natural drugs against different health complications [ 32 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytochemical Analysis and In Vitro Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity of Different Solvent Extracts of Beilschmiedia roxburghiana Nees Stem Barks

Khanal

Sharma

Pokharel

et al. 2022

The Scientific World Journal

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“…Triterpenes are an important class of compounds synthesized by various plants, which show a broad spectrum of biological activity [ 2 , 3 ]. Betulin and betulinic acid are among the triterpenes of the lupane type.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Structure, In Vitro Anticancer Study and Molecular Docking of New Phosphate Derivatives of Betulin

et al. 2021

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A series of 30-diethylphosphate derivatives of betulin were synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro cytotoxic activity against human cancer cell lines, such as amelanotic melanoma (C-32), glioblastoma (SNB-19), and two lines of breast cancer (T47D, MDA-MB-231). The molecular structure and activities of the new compounds were also compared with their 29-phosphonate analogs. Compounds 7a and 7b showed the highest activity against C-32 and SNB-19 cell lines. The IC50 values for 7a were 2.15 and 0.91 μM, and, for 7b, they were 0.76 and 0.8 μM for the C-32 and SNB-19 lines, respectively. The most potent compounds, 7a and 7b, were tested for their effects on markers of apoptosis, such as H3, TP53, BAX, and BCL-2. For the whole series of phosphate derivatives, a lipophilicity study was performed, and the ADME parameters were calculated. The most active products were docked to the active site of the EGFR protein. The relative binding affinity of selected phosphate betulin derivatives toward EGFR was compared with standard erlotinib on the basis of ChemScore and KDEEP score. Positively, all derivatives docked inside the cavity and showed significant interactions. Moreover, a molecular dynamics study also reveals that ligands 7a,b form stable complexes and the plateau phase started after 7 ns.

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“…The anti‐ZIKV activity of the above‐mentioned species is here described for the first time. It is possible to infer that the activity of M. rigida , M. truncata and M. ilicifolia can be attributed to triterpenes, which are abundantly found in Maytenus species [17] . Polyphenols can also be the antiviral compounds of the active species, since their anti‐ZIKV effect has been previously reported.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…M. ilicifolia is traditionally used in Brazil to treat gastric ulcer and other gastrointestinal problems [42] . Its chemical composition comprises mainly flavonoids, triterpenes, and steroids [17] . The chemical composition of the dichloromethane extract from M. ilicifolia leaves was here investigated by UPLC‐ESI‐MS/MS aiming to detect triterpenes and steroids.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti‐Zika Virus Activity of Plant Extracts Containing Polyphenols and Triterpenes on Vero CCL‐81 and Human Neuroblastoma SH‐SY5Y Cells

Pereira

Costa

Gomes

et al. 2022

Chemistry & Biodiversity

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Zika virus (ZIKV) infection is a global threat associated to neurological disorders in adults and microcephaly in children born to infected mothers. No vaccine or drug is available against ZIKV. We herein report the anti‐ZIKV activity of 36 plant extracts containing polyphenols and/or triterpenes. ZIKV‐infected Vero CCL‐81 cells were treated with samples at non‐cytotoxic concentrations, determined by MTT and LDH assays. One third of the extracts elicited concentration‐dependent anti‐ZIKV effect, with viral loads reduction from 0.4 to 3.8 log units. The 12 active extracts were tested on ZIKV‐infected SH‐SY5Y cells and significant reductions of viral loads (in log units) were induced by Maytenus ilicifolia (4.5 log), Terminalia phaeocarpa (3.7 log), Maytenus rigida (1.7 log) and Echinodorus grandiflorus (1.7 log) extracts. Median cytotoxic concentration (CC50) of these extracts in Vero cells were higher than in SH‐SY5Y lineage. M. ilicifolia (IC50=16.8±10.3 μg/mL, SI=3.4) and T. phaeocarpa (IC50=22.0±6.8 μg/mL, SI=4.8) were the most active extracts. UPLC‐ESI‐MS/MS analysis of M. ilicifolia extract led to the identification of 7 triterpenes, of which lupeol and a mixture of friedelin/friedelinol showed no activity against ZIKV. The composition of T. phaeocarpa extract comprises phenolic acids, ellagitannins and flavonoids, as recently reported by us. In conclusion, the anti‐ZIKV activity of 12 plant extracts is here described for the first time and polyphenols and triterpenes were identified as the probable bioactive constituents of T. phaeocarpa and M. ilicifolia, respectively.

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Phytochemicals and biological activities of species from the genus Maytenus

Cited by 14 publications

References 102 publications

Phytochemical Analysis and In Vitro Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity of Different Solvent Extracts of Beilschmiedia roxburghiana Nees Stem Barks

Phytochemical Analysis and In Vitro Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity of Different Solvent Extracts of Beilschmiedia roxburghiana Nees Stem Barks

Molecular Structure, In Vitro Anticancer Study and Molecular Docking of New Phosphate Derivatives of Betulin

Anti‐Zika Virus Activity of Plant Extracts Containing Polyphenols and Triterpenes on Vero CCL‐81 and Human Neuroblastoma SH‐SY5Y Cells

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