Phytochemicals and Enzyme Inhibitory Capacities of the Methanolic Extracts from the Italian Apple Cultivar Mela Rosa dei Monti Sibillini

Abstract

The phytochemical profile of the methanolic extracts (pulp and peel) obtained from two dehydration methods (drying and freeze-lyophilization) of the traditional Italian apple Mela Rosa dei Monti Sibillini, as well as their inhibitory properties against some biological enzymes (α-glucosidase, lipase, monoamine oxidase A, tyrosinase and acetylcholinesterase) were assessed in this study. HPLC-DAD-MS technique was used for the determination of polyphenolic and triterpenic compounds. The determination of the enzymes inhibitory effect was made through spectrophotometric techniques. The peel extracts were richer in bioactive compounds than the pulp. In this regard, the extracts from freeze-lyophilization displayed higher levels of flavan-3-ols, flavonol glycosides and dihydrochalcones. However, the extracts obtained from dried material displayed a stronger enzyme inhibition. Notably, the peel extracts showed a higher activity than the pulp ones, especially in terms of α-glucosidase whereby some samples exerted a similar enzymatic inhibition than acarbose (100% inhibition) at high concentrations (1 mg/mL). These results encourage thus further studies on this traditional Italian apple as a potential source of nutraceuticals helpful to prevent the insurgence of some pathologies.

Polyphenols from Thinned Young Apples: HPLC-HRMS Profile and Evaluation of Their Anti-Oxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities by Proteomic Studies

“…The MS/MS spectra of the 3 most intense ions exceeding 1 × 10 4 counts of the full MS scan were acquired by the linear ion trap (LTQ) by using a normalized collision energy (CID) of 40 eV. A database containing the known components of apples and derivatives was built for the targeted data analysis [ 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 ]: the putative identification was obtained by comparing the accurate mass (5 ppm mass tolerance), the isotopic pattern and the fragmentation pattern with the compounds in the database. The identity of some molecules was confirmed by means of pure standards available in our laboratory.…”

Antimelanogenesis Effects of Leaf Extract and Phytochemicals from Ceylon Olive (Elaeocarpus serratus) in Zebrafish Model

“…In vitro antityrosinase assay was a spectrophotometric analysis based on the methods previously described [ 33 , 34 , 35 ]. l -DOPA (3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine) and L-tyrosine were using as the substrate, respectively.…”

Antioxidant, Antidiabetic, and Anti-Obesity Properties of Apple Pulp Extracts (Malus domestica Bork): A Comparative Study of 15 Local and Commercial Cultivars from Spain

“…For example, non-commercial varieties present higher polyphenol content or less allergenic genotypes than fruits developed after the green revolution, when genetic improvement of vegetables was focused on [19,20]. Some varieties have been demonstrated in vitro inhibitory effects against the enzymes α-glucosidase, lipase, monoamine oxidase A, tyrosinase and acetylcholinesterase [21]. Those biochemical traits, as well as other agronomical characteristics, could also be interesting for a better understanding of apple genomes, particularly to elucidate causal genes associated with human wellness [22].…”