Phytochemicals in regulating <scp>PD</scp>‐1/<scp>PD‐L1</scp> and immune checkpoint blockade therapy

Zhang, Qi; Yang, Chenying; Gao, Xingsu; Dong, Ju; Zhong, Caiyun

doi:10.1002/ptr.8082

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 141 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In fact, it is known that several phytochemicals possess immunomodulatory properties [ 181 ]. For instance, there is clear evidence that phytochemicals can improve the efficacy of many cancer therapies based on PD-1/PD-L1 blockade [ 182 , 183 ]. Currently, the molecular mechanisms need to be clarified before phytochemicals can be administered as checkpoint inhibitor therapies.…”

Section: The Anti-aging Signaling Suppresses the Expression Of The Pd...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of the immunosuppressive PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint pathway in the aging process and age-related diseases

Salminen

2024

J Mol Med

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The accumulation of senescent cells within tissues is a hallmark of the aging process. Senescent cells are also commonly present in many age-related diseases and in the cancer microenvironment. The escape of abnormal cells from immune surveillance indicates that there is some defect in the function of cytotoxic immune cells, e.g., CD8+ T cells and natural killer (NK) cells. Recent studies have revealed that the expression of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) protein is abundantly increased in senescent cells. An increase in the amount of PD-L1 protein protects senescent cells from clearance by the PD-1 checkpoint receptor in cytotoxic immune cells. In fact, the activation of the PD-1 receptor suppresses the cytotoxic properties of CD8+ T and NK cells, promoting a state of immunosenescence. The inhibitory PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint pathway acts in cooperation with immunosuppressive cells; for example, activation of PD-1 receptor can enhance the differentiation of regulatory T cells (Treg), myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), and M2 macrophages, whereas the cytokines secreted by immunosuppressive cells stimulate the expression of the immunosuppressive PD-L1 protein. Interestingly, many signaling pathways known to promote cellular senescence and the aging process are crucial stimulators of the expression of PD-L1 protein, e.g., epigenetic regulation, inflammatory mediators, mTOR-related signaling, cGAS-STING pathway, and AhR signaling. It seems that the inhibitory PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint axis has a crucial role in the accumulation of senescent cells and thus it promotes the aging process in tissues. Thus, the blockade of the PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint signaling might be a potential anti-aging senolytic therapy. Key messages Senescent cells accumulate within tissues during aging and age-related diseases. Senescent cells are able to escape immune surveillance by cytotoxic immune cells. Expression of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) markedly increases in senescent cells. Age-related signaling stimulates the expression of PD-L1 protein in senescent cells. Inhibitory PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint pathway suppresses clearance of senescent cells.

show abstract

Section: The Anti-aging Signaling Suppresses the Expression Of The Pd...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of the immunosuppressive PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint pathway in the aging process and age-related diseases

Salminen

2024

J Mol Med

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Nutritional Benefits of Lycopene and Beta‐Carotene: A Comprehensive Overview

Tufail,

Bader Ul Ain,

Noreen

et al. 2024

Food Science & Nutrition

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Certain carotene components, such as lycopene and beta‐carotene, are found in tomatoes, carrots, sweet potatoes, etc. and are good for human health. It gives plants their distinctive red color. A class of lipid‐soluble natural pigments known as carotenoids is the precursor of vitamin A and is vital for antioxidant defense against peroxides in cells and tissues. This review provides an overview of the current state of knowledge and research on the sources, structures, physiochemical properties, absorption and metabolism, functional advantages, and prevention of many diseases associated with lycopene and beta‐carotene. These antioxidants have been linked to a lower risk of cardiovascular disease and cancer, and they also help draw pollinators to flowers. Carrots and sweet potatoes are also rich sources of beta‐carotene, which strengthens the immune system and improves eye health. The vivid color of many plants reproductive organs, including flowers and fruits, is caused by carotenoid, a secondary metabolite that is produced in plastids. The distinctive red color and many other health advantages are attributed to lycopene. When ingested through food or supplements, lycopene and beta‐carotene help manage and prevent a number of diseases, including cancer, metabolic, inflammatory, cardiovascular, hepatic, ophthalmic, skeletal, and infertility disorders. The main point is that toxicity is uncommon, and these carotenoids are generally accepted to be safe at different doses. Including these nutrients in your diet can improve your general health and provide illness prevention.

show abstract