Phytochemicals in the Control of Human Appetite and Body Weight

Tucci, Sonia

doi:10.3390/ph3030748

Cited by 70 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 103 publications

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“…Some of the mechanisms by which phytochemicals act include blocking pancreatic lipase and alpha amylase, interfering with uptake of nutrients in the gut, while others act through combination of central and peripheral mechanisms [33]. Such effect of plant extracts results in weight changes, thus acting as an indicator of toxicity in animal models.…”

Section: Steroids -mentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute and Sub-Chronic Oral Toxicity Study of Methanolic Extract of Caesalpinia volkensii (Harms)

Musila¹,

Ngai²,

Mbiri³

et al. 2017

J Drug Metab Toxicol

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Medicinal plant Caesalpinia volkensii is used to treat Malaria, conjunctivitis, retinoblastoma, and eyelid swelling as well as gonorrhoea and bilharzia. Animal toxicity information on this plant is limited. This medicinal plant was collected in Embu County in Kenya to evaluate its Acute and sub-chronic toxicity using Wistar rats. The rats were orally administered with different doses of the plants extracts. They were weighed on first day and after every 7 days during treatment with the extract. Signs of toxicity were also observed. After 28 days, the rats were sacrificed and blood samples taken for full hemogram, renal and liver function tests. Weight of internal organs was also recorded. Data was analysed using Minitab statistical software version 17. In acute toxicity studies, C. volkensii extracts did not result to death at extract dose of 2000 mg/kg body weight. In sub-chronic toxicity studies, there was no significance difference in body weight and organ weight among the groups treated with the plant extract (p>0.05). Treatment with extract dose of 1000 mg/kg body weight resulted in significant increase in total bilirubin and aspartate aminotransferase (P˂0.05). In addition, 100 mg/kg body weight resulted in significant decrease in haemoglobin and haematocrit. Qualitative phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of various phytochemicals which have the ability to protect erythrocytes from oxidative damage as well as erythropoietin stimulatory activities. It was therefore concluded that methanolic leaf extract of C. volkensii is safe for acute oral administration. However, care should be exercised in sub-chronic exposure at 1000 mg/kg body weight and above to avoid liver injury.

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Section: Steroids -mentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute and Sub-Chronic Oral Toxicity Study of Methanolic Extract of Caesalpinia volkensii (Harms)

Musila¹,

Ngai²,

Mbiri³

et al. 2017

J Drug Metab Toxicol

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“…In the adipose tissue, glycosides reduce lipogenesis [18]. In the central structures regulating appetite, glycosides and its related molecules have mechanism where they act by amplifying the signaling of the energy sensing function in the hypothalamus [19]. The reduced growth rate in animals treated with O. usambarensis extract relative to that of control, may also be due tannins.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vivo Safety of Aqueous Extracts of Maytemus putterlickoides, Senna spectabilis and Olinia usambarensis on Mice Models

FG¹,

DW²

2016

J Clinic Toxicol

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Plant products are used as the primary health care in developing countries due to their availability and affordability compared to conventional methods. It is estimated that more than 80% of the world's population use herbal preparations in the management and treatment of diseases. Herbal products are now readily available in supermarkets and drug stores. The therapeutic value of these herbal products is believed to be due to the presence of bioactive elements present in the plant parts. Toxicity studies should, however be carried to ascertain the safety of the herbal preparation. In this study, safety studies were carried out through biochemical assays, histopathology and hematological tests. The plant extracts led to changes in body weight, hematological and histopathological changes like increase in lymphocyte number. High dose of orally administered Olinia usambarensis also caused microcytic hypochromic anemia. Senna spectabilis and Olinia usambarensis revealed intense infiltration of inflammatory cells causing necrosis and loss of cellular details of the kidney. This study will enhance understanding of the safety of ethno-medical materials in the management of diarrhea caused by bacterial pathogens.

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“…This leads to an increase in fat oxidation. Catechins (flavanoids) are reported to reduce body weight possible by two mechanisms: Inhibition of small-intestine micelle formation and inhibition of α-glucosidase activity which would lead to a decrease in carbohydrate absorption [49].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Alkaloids like Synephrines and ρ-octopamine cause a decrease in body weight by increasing resting energy expenditure, energy used in physical activity and thermal effect of feeding, by 70%, 20% and 10% respectively [49]. Nicotine an alkaloid mainly found in tobacco plant has been reported to act on the central nervous system and modulate several pathways that regulate the aspects of food intake leading to reduced appetite.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Blood Glucose Lowering Effect and Safety of the Aqueous Leaf Extracts of Zanha africana

KK¹,

DS²,

PK³

2015

Pharm Anal Acta

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Zanha africana has been used traditionally to manage many diseases including diabetes, however, its antidiabetic activity and safety is not well evaluated. The aim of this study was to determine in vivo hypoglycemic activity and safety of the aqueous leaf extracts of this plant in male Swiss white albino mice. The antidiabetic activity was screened in alloxan induced diabetic mice using oral and intraperitoneal routes. The safety of the extract was studied in mice that were orally and intraperitoneally administered with 1 g/kg body weight daily for 28 days by recording changes in body and organ weights, hematological and biochemical parameters. Mineral composition was estimated using total reflection X-ray fluorescence system and atomic absorption spectrometry. Phytochemical composition was assessed using standard procedures. The extract showed hypoglycemic activity at dose levels of 50, 100, 200, 300 mg/kg body weight. Administration of 1 g/kg body weight of the extract decreased the body weight gain using both routes. Intraperitoneal administration of the same dose increased the organ to body weight percentages of liver, brain and kidney, and elevated white blood cell count, lymphocyte count, and levels of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase, total bilirubin and direct bilirubin and deceased levels of aspartate aminotransferase and creatinine. Increase in levels of mean corpuscular hemoglobin, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase, lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase, and decrease in levels of platelets, alanine transaminase, aspartate aminotransferase, urea, creatinine, total bilirubin and direct bilirubin was recorded in mice orally administered with 1 g/kg body weight of the extract. The extract contained tannins, phenols, flavonoids, saponins, and alkaloids. Sodium, Chlorine, Potassium, Calcium, Titanium, Vanadium, Chromium, Manganese, Iron, Copper, Zinc, Arsenic, Cadmium, Magnesium, Nickel and Lead were present in the extracts at levels below the recommended daily allowance. The observed hypoglycemic activity and slight toxicity could be associated with the phytochemicals and mineral/ trace elements present in this extract.

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Phytochemicals in the Control of Human Appetite and Body Weight

Cited by 70 publications

References 103 publications

Acute and Sub-Chronic Oral Toxicity Study of Methanolic Extract of Caesalpinia volkensii (Harms)

Acute and Sub-Chronic Oral Toxicity Study of Methanolic Extract of Caesalpinia volkensii (Harms)

In Vivo Safety of Aqueous Extracts of Maytemus putterlickoides, Senna spectabilis and Olinia usambarensis on Mice Models

Blood Glucose Lowering Effect and Safety of the Aqueous Leaf Extracts of Zanha africana

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