Phytochemistry and Biological Activities of Endophytic Fungi from the Meliaceae Family

Abstract

Meliaceae plants are found worldwide in tropical or subtropical climates. They are important ethnobotanically as sources of traditional medicine, with 575 species and 51 genera. Previous research found that microorganisms are plant pioneers to produce secondary metabolites with diverse compound structures and bioactivities. Several plants of the Meliaceae family contain secondary metabolites isolated from endophytic fungi. Furthermore, related articles from 2002 to 2022 were collected from SciFinder, Google Scholar, and PubMed. About 276 compounds were isolated from endophytic fungi such as terpenoids, polyketides, lactones, pyrones, quinone, anthraquinones, xanthones, coumarines, isocoumarines, resorcylic acid lactones, cytochalasins, aromatics, ester, quinols, alkaloids, nitro compound, fatty acids, and sugars with bioactivities such as antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-influenza, neuroprotective activities, anti-HIV, cytotoxic, allelopathic, anti-inflammatory, antifeedant effects, and BSLT toxicity. Meanwhile, secondary metabolites isolated from endophytic fungi were reported as one of the sources of active compounds for medicinal chemistry. This comprehensive review summarizes the ethnobotanical uses and secondary metabolites derived from Meliaceae endophytic fungi.

Antibacterial activities and molecular identification of endophytic fungi isolated from mangrove Avicennia marina

“…It is believed that the ability of endophytic fungi to produce antibacterial compounds is an evolutionary adaptation to their intracellular existence within the host plant, where they must compete with other microorganisms for resources and space. Additionally, the antibacterial compounds produced by endophytic fungi can help protect the host plant from pathogens and herbivores, as well as enhance its growth and stress tolerance (Mulyani et al 2023).…”

“…This result indicates that C. anthropophilum is particularly effective at inhibiting the growth of both S. aureus and V. harveyi at relatively low concentrations. Previous research suggested that the high antibacterial activity of Cladosporium species may be attributed to the production of secondary metabolites, such as cladosporin and 5-chloro-8-hydroxyquinoline, as well as other compound groups like phenolic compounds, terpenoids, and alkaloids, which have been shown to exhibit potent antimicrobial activity (Wang et al 2018;Hulikere and Joshi 2019;Salvatore et al 2021;Han et al 2021;Mulyani et al 2023).…”

“…Studies have revealed a wide variety of fungal species associated with mangrove ecosystems, with different species predominating in different plant parts. For example, studies have reported the prevalence of species from genera such as Penicillium, Aspergillus, and Fusarium in mangrove leaves, while roots often host unique species such as Phomopsis and Glomerella (Mulyani et al 2023). This diversity could be influenced by factors like host specificity, niche differentiation, and microhabitat conditions.…”

Antioxidant Activity of Endophytic Fungi Isolated from Cashew (Anacardium occidentale) Leaves

“…Fungi that are endophytic in medicinal plants usually have the same bioactivity as their host plants. [69][70][71][72] Its ability to produce secondary metabolites is very useful for host plants for defense so that the interaction between endophytic fungus and the host plants is mutually beneficial. This species of fungus has been reported to contain secondary metabolites with good bioactivity.…”

Deciphering Complex Interactions in Bioactive Lipid Signaling

“…In general, bioactive lipids in cell signaling include plant-derived compounds such as cannabinoids (terpeno-phenol compounds also known as phytocannabinoids) [ 1 , 2 ], terpenoids (including sterols) [ 3 , 4 ], carotenoids and phenolics (including flavonoids) [ 5 , 6 ]. In addition, our cells produce lipids endowed with biological activity in signal transduction, the best characterized being derivatives of poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs).…”