Phytochemistry and Biological Activities of Leaves and Pulp Extracts from Ziziphus mauritiana (Lam.) Collected in Mali

Abstract

Introduction: The objectives of this work consisted of a phytochemical study of the leaves and pulp of Ziziphus mauritiana Lam collected from the flooded and dried sites of Niono and Sévaré in Mali and to evaluate the biological activities of the extracts, i.e. the antiradical activity and hemolytic activity.
 Methods: Phytochemical analysis and biological activities were performed at the plant biochemistry and biotechnology laboratory of the FST / USTTB. The tannins and flavonoids were extracted by maceration, dosed by spectrophotometry then analyzed by HPLC and their antiradical activity was evaluated by the DPPH method. The saponosides were extracted by decoction and their hemolytic activity was evaluated on beef blood.
 Results: Tannins and flavonoids were abundant in the leaves and the pulp but saponosides were absent in the pulp.
 Calcium ions, carbonate ions and chloride ions were abundant in the leaves and pulp of Zizyphus mauritiana Lam from the dried site of Niono and the flooded site of Sévaré. HPLC chromatograms showed two peaks of gallic acid in the tannins extracts.
 Catechical tannins and flavonoids of the flooded sites have a greater antiradical activity than those of the dried sites. However, their antiradical activity remains lower than that of ascorbic acid whose IC50 was measured at 30 μg.
 Leaf saponosides from the flooded site of Niono and the dried site of Sévaré showed hemolytic activity on red blood cells of beef.
 Conclusion: The leaves and pulps of Zizyphus mauritiana Lam were rich in phenolic compounds and have interesting antiradical activity. The saponosides extracted from the leaves showed hemolytic activity.

Valorization of Bioactive Compounds from Two Underutilized Wild Fruits by Microencapsulation in Order to Formulate Value-Added Food Products

“…The results obtained from the present work are in agreement with the data from others studies which show that local plants could improve the regulation of the molecular mechanisms involved in diabetes control due to their bioactive compounds [ 14 , 21 ]. Polyphenols and flavonoids are especially evident in antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antihypertension, and antidiabetic processes in the human body [ 22 , 23 , 24 ]. These findings support the results of our recent survey, which showed that the local population in Mali uses the fruits of these two species for the traditional treatment of hypertension [ 5 ].…”

“…Flavonoids were determined using the aluminum trichloride reagent (AlCl 3 ) according to the protocol described by Keita et al [ 23 ]. This involved the addition of 500 μL of extract to 2 mL of distilled water and 150 μL of 5% sodium nitrite (NaNO 2 ).…”

“…Both (TFC and SFC) samples were then centrifuged for 10 min at 14,000 rpm at 4 °C (Mikro 22 R Hettich, Tuttlingen, Germany). Flavonoid contents in the collected supernatants were evaluated as described above using an aluminum trichloride reagent [ 23 ] and expressed as milligrams of quercetin equivalents per dry extract (mg QE/g DM).…”

Antibacterial Activities of Extracts from four Wild Food Fruits

“…In other side, to face up the resurgence of antimicrobial-resistant pathogens, the researchers worldwide are hardworking to find other alternative sources of drugs and bioactive chemical compounds of plant origin [3] that would serve as antimicrobial agents less expensive, less toxic, and more effective [4]. This is why, many plants have been explored as alternative sources of drugs and in particular antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory agents [5][6][7][8].…”