Phytoconstituent-Loaded Nanofibrous Meshes as Wound Dressings: A Concise Review

Abstract

In the past, wounds were treated with natural materials, but modern wound dressings include functional elements to expedite the process of healing and to improve skin recovery. Due to their exceptional properties, nanofibrous wound dressings are now the most cutting-edge and desirable option. Similar in structure to the skin’s own extracellular matrix (ECM), these dressings can promote tissue regeneration, wound fluid transportation, and air ductility for cellular proliferation and regeneration owing to their nanostructured fibrous meshes or scaffolds. Many academic search engines and databases, such as Google Scholar, PubMed, and Sciencedirect, were used to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of the literature for the purposes of this investigation. Using the term “nanofibrous meshes” as a keyword, this paper focuses on the importance of phytoconstituents. This review article summarizes the most recent developments and conclusions from studies on bioactive nanofibrous wound dressings infused with medicinal plants. Several wound-healing methods, wound-dressing materials, and wound-healing components derived from medicinal plants were also discussed.

Revolutionizing Wound Healing: Exploring Scarless Solutions through Drug Delivery Innovations

“…Multifunctional bioactive wound dressings, a focus of current research, utilize nanofibers as promising materials for skin-tissue scaffolds and advanced (DDS). , Nanofibers closely mimic the ECM, providing high water absorption, interconnected porosity, breathability, and moisture permeability. These features create an optimal environment for wound healing functions, such as hemostasis, infection prevention, cell migration and proliferation, supporting cell respiration, and effective fluid drainage . Nanofibers, with their porous network structure, efficiently diffuse oxygen, and their higher porosity and surface area positively impact cellular activities compared to bulk materials, such as hydrogels …”

“…These features create an optimal environment for wound healing functions, such as hemostasis, infection prevention, cell migration and proliferation, supporting cell respiration, and effective fluid drainage. 112 Nanofibers, with their porous network structure, efficiently diffuse oxygen, and their higher porosity and surface area positively impact cellular activities compared to bulk materials, such as hydrogels. 113 Nanofibers serve as an excellent platform for drug delivery due to their unique physicochemical properties.…”

“…Chronic inflammation impedes wound healing, and herbal extracts with immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties can address this issue. , Chen et al developed a three-layer nanofiber membrane (nBG-TFM) incorporating bioactive glass for diabetic wounds. Results indicated reduced inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and TNF-α) and upregulated factors associated with wound healing (TGF-β and VEGF), creating a more favorable microenvironment for healing …”

Nanofiber Scaffolds as Drug Delivery Systems Promoting Wound Healing

“…Modulating the wound inflammatory microenvironment can be achieved by eliminating ROS, downregulating the expression levels of inflammatory factors, and regulating the phenotype and number of immune cells. Some herbal extracts with immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties can accelerate wound healing [ 10 ], such as Aloe vera [ 208 ], propolis [ 68 ], calendula [ 209 ], astragalus [ 210 ], cinnamon [ 211 ], dihydromyricetin [ 212 ], and polyphenols [ 213 ]. Zijian Wang et al developed a multilayer nanofiber (referred to as DQHP-n, n = 0, 2, 6, and 10) incorporating dihydromyricetin (DHM) using the layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly technique.…”

“…Nanofibers possess a natural extracellular matrix (ECM) structure, high water absorption, high interconnected porosity, breathability, and moisture permeability, creating a suitable environment for hemostasis, prevention of exogenous infections, cell migration and proliferation, cell respiration, and exudate absorption. The ideal microstructure of nanofibers mimics the structure of the ECM, promoting cell adhesion, growth, and proliferation [ 10 ]. Due to their porous network structure, nanofibers make it easy for oxygen to diffuse to the wound location.…”