2017
DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12661
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Phytoconstituents as pharmacotherapeutics in rheumatoid arthritis: challenges and scope of nano/submicromedicine in its effective delivery

Abstract: Objectives The present review explores the therapeutic application of herbals in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) therapy, and how nano/submicromedicine can be fit in the scope of its therapeutic delivery in RA has been addressed.

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Cited by 48 publications
(29 citation statements)
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References 87 publications
(239 reference statements)
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“…[83][84][85] These bioactive compounds showed an inhibitory mechanism against inflammatory mediators, thereby preventing cartilage destruction in various animal studies. Besides the protective effect of these bioactive compounds, their bioavailability through oral delivery system is a great challenge for their potential RA treatment.…”
Section: Anti-arthritic Effectmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…[83][84][85] These bioactive compounds showed an inhibitory mechanism against inflammatory mediators, thereby preventing cartilage destruction in various animal studies. Besides the protective effect of these bioactive compounds, their bioavailability through oral delivery system is a great challenge for their potential RA treatment.…”
Section: Anti-arthritic Effectmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The available treatment for OA used in clinical practice mainly targets reduction of symptoms, protection of joint mobility, and limiting the failure of functional ability. Many researchers claimed that several herbal drugs and phytoconstituents used in the treatment of inflammatory arthritis improve OA symptoms [ 20 , 21 ]. Naringin shows various pharmacological effects; however, no evidence has been presented demonstrate the protective effect of naringin in OA treatment.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common musculoskeletal tissue disorder characterized by synovial inflammation, formation of osteophytes, degeneration of cartilage, and subchondral bone sclerosis [ 1 3 ]. OA causes joint damage, loss of cartilage function and structure, and dysregulation of anti-inflammatory and proinflammatory pathways [ 4 , 5 ].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune inflammatory disease characterized by erosion of the cartilage and bone, by synovial hyperplasia, pain and swelling, and even joint deformity [1]. The hyperproliferation and infiltration of synovial cells are caused by the proinflammatory cytokines and other inflammatory mediators, such as TNF-a, IL-1β, IL-6, which are secreted from macrophages, T cells, and B cells [2]. Moreover, the cartilage and bone damage is caused by osteoclasts, activated synovial fibroblasts and chondrocytes in inflammatory arthritis [3].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%