Phytoconstituents Profile of Clitoria Ternatea by Gc-MS and Its Age-Related Anticholinergic Activity Against Aluminum and Restraint Stress

Abstract

Neurodegenerative diseases are associated with brain aging which leads to impaired cholinergic dysfunction. In the current study, we aimed to identify the neuroprotective effect of Clitoria ternatea (CT) methanolic leaf extract against restraint stress (RS) and aluminum (AlM) induced age-related toxicity in cerebellum of young and adult rats. In CT methanolic leaf extract 9-phytoconstituents such as 4H-1-Benzopyran-4-one, 7-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl); Cyclopentaneundecanoic acid, methyl ester; Phytol; Methyl Isostearate; 12-Methyl-E, E-2,13-Octadecadien-1-ol; Cyclopropaneoctanoic acid, 2-{[2 pentylcyclopropyllmethyl}, methyl ester; Ethanol,2-[9-octadecenyloxy], [Z]; Octadecanoic acid, 5,9,13,17-tetramethyl, methyl ester; Hyocholic acid were identified using Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), their structures identified based on NIST data, and biological activities were specified. Further, the young (3 months age) and adult rats (12 months age) were randomized into eight groups, control, AlM, RS, CT, RS+AlM, AlM+CT, RS+CT and RS+AlM+CT administered groups. Both the age group rats were restrained in a restraint chamber for 60 min/day/30 days, AlM (100 mg/kg/30 days) and CT leaf extract (50 mg/kg/30 days) were administered orally according to their respective groups. RS and AlM administration showed significant reduced ACh and AChE Cholinergic markers levels in cerebellum compared to control group. Whereas co-administration of CT methanolic leaf extract with RS and AlM showed enhanced levels of ACh and AChE compared to RS and AlM alone treated groups. These data suggest that the rich source of phytoconstituents of CT methanolic leaf extract are responsible for anticholinergic and neuroprotective effects against RS and AlM age-related toxicity.

Flower Extract–Polyvinyl Alcohol‐Based Biocomposites for Sustainable Food Packaging Applications

“…The splitting of CH 2 rocking vibration confirms the semicrystallinity of PVA film. A stretching peak at 3343 cm −1 in FTIR spectra of pure CT [ 30 ] and a peak at 3265 cm −1 in PVA film shift to 3321 cm −1 and also increase in intensity as the CT flower extract is mixed showing the increase in OH groups of triterpenes present in CT, [ 31 ] along with that peak broadening at 3321 cm −1 in CT–PVA film, which indicates the strong hydrogen bonding between PVA and CT. [ 32 ] The alterations observed in the biocomposite films, including the emergence, shifting, and splitting of certain bands in the FTIR spectra compared to those of the PVA film, were attributed to the specific interactions within the polymer matrices. A similar mechanism has previously been reported for other nanocomposite films.…”

Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Compounds Emitted by Pepper Yellow Leaf Curl Virus-Infected Chili Plants: A Preliminary Study

“…Among these compounds, there were antimicrobial and antiparasitic compounds emitted by the PYLCV-undetected pants. Cyclopentaneundecanoic acid, methyl ester (antimicrobial [65,87]), 12-methyl-E,E-2,13-octadecadien-1-ol (anti-microbial and anti-fungal agent…”

“…Among these compounds, there were antimicrobial and antiparasitic compounds emitted by the PYLCV-undetected pants. Cyclopentaneundecanoic acid, methyl ester (antimicrobial [65,87]), 12-methyl-E,E-2,13-octadecadien-1-ol (anti-microbial and antifungal agent [87,88]), and 2-piperidinone, N-[4-bromo-n-butyl]-(antimicrobial and an-tioxidant [80]) were emitted by UPJ, while 6-methylenebicyclo [3.2.0] hept-3-en-2-one (antiparasitic [77,89]) was emitted by UPS. However, the compounds were not found in the PYLCV-infected plants.…”