Phytoecdysteroids Increase Protein Synthesis in Skeletal Muscle Cells

Gorelick-Feldman, Jonathan; MacLean, David B.; Ilić, Nebojša; Poulev, Alexander; Lila, Mary Ann; Cheng, Diana M.; Raskin, Ilya

doi:10.1021/jf073059z

Cited by 138 publications

(150 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Therefore, a search for a nonpharmacological therapeutic strategy should be considered as an alternative approach to tackle these clinical problems. There is evidence that ecdysteroids, insect hormones, have an anabolic effect on skeletal muscle (6) with no side-effects in mammals, including humans (7).…”

Section: An Ecdysteroid Hormone Which Controls Molting and Reproductimentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of 20-Hydroxyecdysone on Proteolytic Regulation in Skeletal Muscle Atrophy

Hirunsai

Yimlamai

Suksamrarn

2016

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Abstract. Skeletal muscle atrophy is a debilitating condition associated with a variety of pathological conditions (e.g. diabetes mellitus, cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and chronic heart failure), physiological consequence of aging (sarcopenia), and disuse (e.g. casting-immobilization, microgravity, or tendon injury), subsequently leading to a decrease in mobility and reduced quality of life (1). Muscle atrophy is characterized by a decrease of protein content leading to a reduction in cross-sectional area (CSA) of muscle fibers and impairment of muscle force generation and fatigue resistance (2, 3). Skeletal muscle mass is determined by the balance of protein synthesis and protein breakdown. However, previous compelling evidence has indicated that disuse muscle atrophy is primarily caused by the increase in the rate of protein degradation rather than a decrease in the rate of protein synthesis (4). Although several proteolytic systems are involved in protein turnover in skeletal muscle, recent studies suggested that the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) represents the major intracellular proteolysis machinery responsible for the degradation of major contractile proteins, and contributes significantly to muscle atrophy in both animal and human models (1, 5).To date, in spite of many attempts, there is no single effective method to completely cure muscle atrophy. Although several pharmacological agents such as β2-adrenergic agonist or proteasome inhibitors have been prescribed to combat muscle atrophy (5), these drugs do not come without side-effects. Therefore, a search for a nonpharmacological therapeutic strategy should be considered as an alternative approach to tackle these clinical problems. There is evidence that ecdysteroids, insect hormones, have an anabolic effect on skeletal muscle (6) with no side-effects in mammals, including humans (7).Ecdysteroids act as molting hormones in insects and also play a defensive role against insect herbivory in plants (8).There are a large number of structurally related ecdysteriods in plants (phytoecdysteriods). Of these, 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) is the most commonly found and extensively studied. This compound is present at high concentration in the bark of blackberry tree (Vitex glabrata). 20E has low toxicity in mammals: the lethal dose 50 (LD 50 ) is 6.4 g/kg in mice for intraperitoneal injection and more than 9 g/kg when given orally (9). The pharmacokinetics of 20E depend on the mode of administration, for example, the half-time of elimination of this substance in lambs when administered via oral, intravenous, and intramuscular routes were 0.2, 0.4, and 2 h, respectively (10). It has been reported that the half-life of

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Section: An Ecdysteroid Hormone Which Controls Molting and Reproductimentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of 20-Hydroxyecdysone on Proteolytic Regulation in Skeletal Muscle Atrophy

Hirunsai

Yimlamai

Suksamrarn

2016

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“…Early researchin this area demonstrated that a plant extract enriched in PEs increases skeletal muscle mass in young adult and growing rats [18]. More recently, 20E has been reported to increase strength in young rats and stimulate protein synthesis in muscle cells in vitro [19]. Additionally, longer treatments (five to seven days) of 20E increases muscle mass in young mice [20] and rats [21], respectively.…”

Section: Anabolic Effects Of Phytoecdysteroidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytoecdysteroids: A Novel, Non-Androgenic Alternative for Muscle Health and Performance

McBride¹

2013

J Steroids Horm Sci

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“…Achyranthes extracts are highly rich in bEcd [7]. The latter is reported to stimulate muscular growth in rodents [3,9,18] and increase the growth plate width in estrogen-deficient rats [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

β-Ecdysone Augments Peak Bone Mass in Mice of Both Sexes

Dai

Zhang

Zhong

et al. 2015

Clinical Orthopaedics &Amp; Related Research

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Background One of the strongest predictors for osteoporosis is peak bone mass. Interventions to augment peak bone mass have yet to be developed. b-Ecdysone (bEcd), a natural steroid-like compound produced by arthropods to initiate metamorphosis, is believed to have androgenic effects and so may be used to augment bone mass. Questions/purposes The purpose of this study was to use both male and female (1) gonadal-sufficient; and (2) -insufficient mice to investigate sex differences in terms of bone development and structure after bEcd administration.Methods Two-month-old male and female Swiss-Webster mice were randomized to receive either vehicle or bEcd (0.5 mg/kg) for 3 weeks. In a separate experiment to evaluate the effects of bEcd on sex hormone-deficient mice, gonadectomy was performed in male (orchiectomy [ORX]) and female mice (ovariectomy [OVX]). Shamoperated and the ORX/OVX mice were then treated for 3 weeks with bEcd. Primary endpoints for the study were trabecular bone structure and bone strength. Results In male mice, the trabecular bone volume was 0.18 ± 0.02 in the placebo-treated (PL) and 0.23 ± 0.02 in the bEcd-treated group (p \ 0.05 versus PL); and 0.09 ± 0.01 in the ORX group (p \ 0.05 versus PL) and 0.12 ± 0.01 in the ORX + bEcd group. Vertebral bone strength (maximum load) was 43 ± 2 in PL and 51 ± 1 in the bEcd-treated group (p \ 0.05 versus PL); and 30 ± 4 in the ORX group (p \ 0.05 versus PL) and 37 ± 3 in the ORX + bEcd group. In female mice, trabecular bone volume was 0.23 ± 0.02 in PL and 0.26 ± 0.02 in the bEcd-treated group (p \ 0.05 versus PL); and 0.15 ± 0.01 in the OVX group (p \ 0.05 versus PL) and 0.14 ± 0.01 in the OVX + bEcd group. Maximum load of the vertebrae was 45 ± 2 in PL and 48 ± 4 in the bEcd-treated group; and 39 ± 4 in the OVX group (p \ 0.05 versus PL) and 44 ± 4 in the OVX + bEcd group.

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Phytoecdysteroids Increase Protein Synthesis in Skeletal Muscle Cells

Cited by 138 publications

References 17 publications

Effect of 20-Hydroxyecdysone on Proteolytic Regulation in Skeletal Muscle Atrophy

Effect of 20-Hydroxyecdysone on Proteolytic Regulation in Skeletal Muscle Atrophy

Phytoecdysteroids: A Novel, Non-Androgenic Alternative for Muscle Health and Performance

β-Ecdysone Augments Peak Bone Mass in Mice of Both Sexes

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