Phytoestrogen intake and prostate cancer: A case‐control study using a new database

Strom, Sara S.; Yamamura, Yuko; Duphorne, Cherie M.; Spitz, Margaret R.; Babaian, R. Joseph; Pillow, Patricia C.; Hursting, Stephen D.

doi:10.1080/01635589909514743

Cited by 205 publications

(135 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…In earlier observational studies, dietary intake of isoflavones or soy product consumption was inversely associated with prostate cancer risk in some (Severson et al, 1989;Jacobsen et al, 1998;Strom et al, 1999;Kolonel et al, 2000a;Lee et al, 2003;Sonoda et al, 2004;Hedelin et al, 2006a;Heald et al, 2007;Kurahashi et al, 2007;Nagata et al, 2007), but not all reports (Sung et al, 1999;Villeneuve Matching for geographic location (Hawaii or California), race/ethnicity, birth year ( ± 1 year), date ( ± 6 months) and time ( ± 2 h) of specimen collection, and fasting hours (0 -o6, 6 -o8, 8 -o10, and 10+ h). The models were adjusted for age at specimen collection and fasting hours as continuous variables, as well as family history of prostate cancer, BMI, and education.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urinary phytoestrogen excretion and prostate cancer risk: a nested case–control study in the Multiethnic Cohort

et al. 2009

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BACKGROUND: Phytoestrogens are of special interest in prostate cancer research because populations in Asia with a high consumption of phytoestrogens have a lower incidence of the disease than comparable populations in Western countries. METHODS: This case -control study is nested within a large multiethnic cohort in Hawaii and California. Urine samples were analysed for daidzein, genistein, equol, and enterolactone among 249 incident prostate cancer cases and 404 controls matched on age, race/ ethnicity, date/time of specimen collection, and fasting status. RESULTS: The median excretion of daidzein was 0.173 nmol mg À1 creatinine in cases and 0.291 in controls (P ¼ 0.01), and the median excretion of genistein was 0.048 in cases and 0.078 in controls (P ¼ 0.05). An inverse association was seen for daidzein overall (odds ratio for the highest vs lowest quintile ¼ 0.55, 95% confidence interval ¼ 0.31 -0.98, P trend ¼ 0.03) and seemed to apply to localized (P trend ¼ 0.08) as well as advanced or high-grade cancer (P trend ¼ 0.09). This association was consistent across the four ethnic groups examined. Although the relationship was weaker for genistein, the odds ratios and trends were similarly inverse. Urinary excretion of equol and enterolactone was not significantly related to prostate cancer risk. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that high intake of isoflavones, as reflected by urinary excretion of daidzein and genistein, may be protective against prostate cancer.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urinary phytoestrogen excretion and prostate cancer risk: a nested case–control study in the Multiethnic Cohort

et al. 2009

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“…[23][24][25][26][27][28][29] According to a recent review article by Kolonel et al, 30 however, although early epidemiologic studies implicated dietary fat as a likely causal factor for this cancer, scientific support for such an association has [31][32][33][34][35][36] Soya is a major source of the isoflavonoids, daidzein and genistein. 33 According to Griffiths et al, 34 a Japanese male consumes approximately 20 mg of isoflavones per day, whereas Western men consume less than 1 mg/day.…”

Section: Prostatic Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence and mortality of testicular and prostatic cancers in relation to world dietary practices

Ganmaa

Wang

et al. 2001

Intl Journal of Cancer

113

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The incidence and mortality rates of testicular and prostatic cancers in 42 countries were correlated with the dietary practices in these countries using the cancer rates (1988 -92) provided by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) and the food supply data (1961-90) provided by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). Among the food items we examined, cheese was most closely correlated with the incidence of testicular cancer at ages 20 -39, followed by animal fats and milk. The correlation coefficient (r) was highest (r ‫؍‬ 0.804) when calculated for cheese consumed during the period 1961-65 (maternal or prepubertal consumption). Stepwise-multiple-regression analysis revealed that milk ؉ cheese (1961-65) made a significant contribution to the incidence of testicular cancer (standardized regression coefficient [R] ‫؍‬ 0.654). Concerning prostatic cancer, milk (1961-90) was most closely correlated (r ‫؍‬ 0.711) with its incidence, followed by meat and coffee. Stepwise-multipleregression analysis identified milk ؉ cheese as a factor contributing to the incidence of prostatic cancer (R ‫؍‬ 0.525). The food that was most closely correlated with the mortality rate of prostatic cancer was milk (r ‫؍‬ 0.766), followed by coffee, cheese and animal fats. Stepwise-multiple-regression analysis revealed that milk ؉ cheese was a factor contributing to mortality from prostatic cancer (R ‫؍‬ 0.580). The results of our study suggest a role of milk and dairy products in the development and growth of testicular and prostatic cancers. The close correlation between cheese and testicular cancer and between milk and prostatic cancer suggests that further mechanistic studies should be undertaken concerning the development of male genital organ cancers. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. Key words: testicular cancer; prostatic cancer; dietary practices; milk; cheeseJapanese lifestyle underwent drastic changes after the end of the Pacific War (1945). Most conspicuous was the change in dietary practices. The intake of milk and dairy products, meat and eggs increased 20-, 9-and 7-fold, respectively, during the 48 years between 1950 and 1998. It has been observed that in Japanese males born before 1945, death from testicular cancer peaked in their thirties or forties, whereas in those born after 1946, the peak was in their twenties (a birth cohort effect). From these observations, Ganmaa et al. 1 presumed that the development of testicular cancer in Japanese men is related to the dietary practices of Japanese boys at the time of puberty or earlier.The age-adjusted death rate of prostatic cancer has risen 25-fold almost linearly during the last 48 years from 1947-95, with no birth cohort effect on the death rate. From this, Ganmaa et al. 1 also presumed that the increased death from this cancer relates to an accumulation of the effects of dietary factors throughout life.The incidence of testicular cancer in western countries has steadily risen in the past 40 or 50 years. 2-4 Prostatic cancer is the most common cancer among men in...

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“…A study in a multiethnic population showed a nonsignificant, protective effect of soy food consumption across Asian and non-Asian populations including Japanese, Chinese, African-American, and Caucasian men (Kolonel et al, 2000). A case-control study suggested a protective effect of soy isoflavones (Strom et al, 1999). It was proposed that the estrogen-like structure of isoflavones may interact with male steroid hormones and alter circulating sex hormone levels (Makela et al, 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum prostate-specific antigen but not testosterone levels decrease in a randomized soy intervention among men

et al. 2006

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Background: Low prostate cancer incidence and high soy intake in Asian countries suggest a possible protective effect of soy foods against prostate cancer. The goal of this pilot study was to evaluate the feasibility of a randomized, crossover soy trial among men and to investigate the effects of daily soy intake on serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and testosterone levels. Methods: We randomized 24 men to a high or a low soy diet for 3 months. After a 1-month washout period, the men crossed over to the other treatment. During the high soy diet, the men consumed two daily soy servings; during the low soy diet, they maintained their usual diet. During the entire study each man donated four blood samples and five overnight urine samples. Dietary compliance was assessed by soy calendars, 24-h dietary recalls, and urinary isoflavone excretion measured by highpressure liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection. Blood samples were analyzed for serum testosterone and PSA by radioimmunoassay. When necessary, variables were log transformed. Two sample t-tests compared the two groups before each study period. Mixed models incorporating the repeated measurements were used to evaluate the effect of the soy diet on urinary isoflavone excretion and serum analytes. Results: Twenty-three men aged 58.777.2 years completed the study. The compliance with the study regimen was high according to self-reported soy food intake and urinary isoflavone excretion. No significant between-group and within-group differences were detected. During the high soy diet, dietary isoflavone intake and urinary isoflavone excretion increased significantly as compared to the low soy diet. A 14% decline in serum PSA levels (P ¼ 0.10), but no change in testosterone (P ¼ 0.70), was observed during the high soy diet in contrast to the low soy diet. Conclusion: The high adherence as shown by three measures of compliance in this pilot trial demonstrated the feasibility of an intervention based on soy foods among free-living men.

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Phytoestrogen intake and prostate cancer: A case‐control study using a new database

Cited by 205 publications

References 27 publications

Urinary phytoestrogen excretion and prostate cancer risk: a nested case–control study in the Multiethnic Cohort

Urinary phytoestrogen excretion and prostate cancer risk: a nested case–control study in the Multiethnic Cohort

Incidence and mortality of testicular and prostatic cancers in relation to world dietary practices

Serum prostate-specific antigen but not testosterone levels decrease in a randomized soy intervention among men

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