Phytoestrogens

Dixon, Richard A.

doi:10.1146/annurev.arplant.55.031903.141729

Cited by 448 publications

(334 citation statements)

References 199 publications

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“…17-β-estradiol (E 2 ) activates multiple signaling pathways in the brain, including mitogen-activated protein kinase, phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase, G protein-regulated signaling, c-fos, protein kinase C, and Ca 2+ influx, which all are connected to neuronal function and survival [9,182]. The ovarian hormone loss in menopause has been linked with cognitive decline that increases the risk for AD [9,33,110,[182][183][184][185][186]. E 2 treatment induced a significant increase in expression of glucose transporters and promotes aerobic glycolysis by increasing gylcolytic enzyme activity of hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, and pyruvate kinase [187,188].…”

Section: Systems Approaches For Ad Prevention and Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…E 2 also reduces AD pathology by both decreasing the production and increasing the clearance of Aβ species [182]. The systems biology of E 2 action in the brain has led to the design and development of brain-specific candidates of selective estrogen receptor modulators that activate the systems level of estrogenic mechanisms in the brain without the proliferative side effects in the periphery [110,183,185,186].…”

Section: Systems Approaches For Ad Prevention and Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Targeting the Prodromal Stage of Alzheimer's Disease: Bioenergetic and Mitochondrial Opportunities

2015

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Alzheimer's disease (AD) has a complex and progressive neurodegenerative phenotype, with hypometabolism and impaired mitochondrial bioenergetics among the earliest pathogenic events. Bioenergetic deficits are well documented in preclinical models of mammalian aging and AD, emerge early in the prodromal phase of AD, and in those at risk for AD. This review discusses the importance of early therapeutic intervention during the prodromal stage that precedes irreversible degeneration in AD. Mechanisms of action for current mitochondrial and bioenergetic therapeutics for AD broadly fall into the following categories: 1) glucose metabolism and substrate supply; 2) mitochondrial enhancers to potentiate energy production; 3) antioxidants to scavenge reactive oxygen species and reduce oxidative damage; 4) candidates that target apoptotic and mitophagy pathways to either remove damaged mitochondria or prevent neuronal death. Thus far, mitochondrial therapeutic strategies have shown promise at the preclinical stage but have had little-to-no success in clinical trials. Lessons learned from preclinical and clinical therapeutic studies are discussed. Understanding the bioenergetic adaptations that occur during aging and AD led us to focus on a systems biology approach that targets the bioenergetic system rather than a single component of this system. Bioenergetic system-level therapeutics personalized to bioenergetic phenotype would target bioenergetic deficits across the prodromal and clinical stages to prevent and delay progression of AD.

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Section: Systems Approaches For Ad Prevention and Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Systems Approaches For Ad Prevention and Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeting the Prodromal Stage of Alzheimer's Disease: Bioenergetic and Mitochondrial Opportunities

2015

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“…They occur in the whole plant kingdom and can also be found in fiber-rich foods, typically regarded as healthy foods. Dietary lignans are broadly available and particularly concentrated in oilseeds (especially in flaxseed and sesame), in cereal grains (e.g., wheat and rye bran) and nuts [3], Brassica species, legumes, berries, and in many plant-related beverages (tea, coffee, wine) [1,[4][5][6][7]. Cereal brans, legumes and some seeds and vegetables are suggested to be the most important sources of lignans in the EU diets [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oilseeds ameliorate metabolic parameters in male mice, while contained lignans inhibit 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation in vitro

et al. 2014

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Purpose and background The focus was directed to the study of two of the most lignan-rich food sources: sesame and flaxseeds. Recent epidemiological and experimental evidences suggesting that these foods may improve metabolic functions underlying metabolic syndrome (MetS). Methods To characterize the effect of these oilseeds on metabolic functions, we conducted an experimental study aimed at preventing adiposity and metabolic imbalance in a mouse model of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced MetS. Statistical analysis was performed by two-way analysis of variance test followed by post hoc Bonferroni analysis. Results We studied the effect of the oilseeds sesame and flaxseed on metabolic parameters in mice on a HFD. When the HFD was integrated with 20 % of sesame or flaxseed flours, the mice showed a decrease in body fat, already at day 15, from time 0. The size of the adipocytes was smaller in epididymal fat, liver steatosis was inhibited, and insulin sensitivity was higher in mice on the supplemented diets. The supplemented diets also resulted in a significant increase in the serum levels of the lignan metabolites enterodiol and enterolactone compared with the controls. The expression of genes associated with the inflammatory response, glucose metabolism, adipose metabolism and nuclear receptor were altered by the oilseed-supplemented diets. Some of the most abundant lignans in these oilseeds were studied in 3T3-L1 preadipocyte cells and were effective in inhibiting adipocyte differentiation at the minimal dose of 1 nM. Conclusions The consumption of sesame and flaxseed may be beneficial to decrease metabolic parameters that are generally altered in MetS.

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“…Phyto-oestrogens are plant-derived compounds with oestrogenic actions (Lindner, 1976;Adams, 1989;Mazur and Adlercreutz, 1998;Dixon, 2004). Although their oestrogenic action is very weak as compared to natural estradiol, they can be present in high levels and may lead to oestrogenic effects in animals (Adams, 1989).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Phyto-Oestrogens on Veal Calf Prostate Histology

Groot¹

2006

Vet Res Commun

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In veal calf production plant-based proteins are frequently included in milk replacer fed to the animals. Since soy products, which are mostly used, are known for their high levels of phyto-oestrogens, the effects of these feeds on the veal calf prostate were examined. Goal was to determine whether these compounds could interfere with histological screening for oestrogenic growth promoters. In a feeding experiment, four groups of veal calves fed plant-based protein-supplemented milk replacer (PBM), containing 5% soy concentrate, 5% soy isolate, 5% wheat gluten and 2% potato protein, for 4 weeks were compared to animals fed dairybased control feed (DBM); animals treated with estradiol benzoate, diethylstilbestrol and ethinylestradiol served as positive controls. Daidzein and genistein levels measured in feed and urine showed high levels of genistein and daidzein in the soy isolate and soy concentrate supplemented feeds. Genistein and daidzein were also found in the urine of the animals that were fed these feeds. Haematoxylin-eosin-stained prostate sections of PBM-fed animals showed slight hyperplasia and some dilated tubules as compared to the DBM-fed group, but no metaplasia, which is used for screening for oestrogenic hormones. The positive controls showed extensive squamous metaplasia. Immunohistochemical staining for cytokeratin 5 (using RCK 103 monoclonal antibody) in basal cells showed a normal staining pattern of basal cells in the DBM-fed calves and extensive basal cell proliferation and squamous metaplasia in the oestrogen-treated positive control animals. PBM-fed calves showed no increase of basal cell staining but showed elongations of the basal cells in most animals, sometimes resulting in circular figures. It is concluded that the feeds examined in this study did not interfere with histological screening for oestrogens in male veal calves.

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Phytoestrogens

Cited by 448 publications

References 199 publications

Targeting the Prodromal Stage of Alzheimer's Disease: Bioenergetic and Mitochondrial Opportunities

Targeting the Prodromal Stage of Alzheimer's Disease: Bioenergetic and Mitochondrial Opportunities

Oilseeds ameliorate metabolic parameters in male mice, while contained lignans inhibit 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation in vitro

Effects of Phyto-Oestrogens on Veal Calf Prostate Histology

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